Generic placeholder image

Current Nutrition & Food Science

Author(s): Nader Khani*, Roya Abedi Soleimani and Aziz Homayouni Rad*

DOI: 10.2174/0115734013305717240718104323

DownloadDownload PDF Flyer Cite As
Characterization and Antimicrobial Activity of Postbiotic from Lactobacillus Acidophilus LA5 on Staphylococcus Aureus in Food Model and In vitro

Page: [379 - 387] Pages: 9

  • * (Excluding Mailing and Handling)

Explore Articles
About Journal
For Authors
For Editors
For Reviewers

Abstract

Background: Postbiotics, also called biogenics, metabiotics, or Cell-Free Supernatants (CFS), are soluble compounds produced by live probiotic microorganisms or released after the lysis of probiotics that could provide beneficial health effects to the host.

Objective: This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the antimicrobial, antibiofilm, antioxidant, and cytotoxic effects of postbiotics derived from Lactobacillus acidophilus.

Methods: In this study, the antimicrobial properties of the postbiotic of L. acidophilus on Staphylococcus aureus were investigated in different experimental settings, in-vitro, and pasteurized milk. The antioxidant effect of postbiotic was also evaluated by 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2, 20-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) method. Furthermore, the chemical composition of the postbiotics was identified via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The cytotoxic effects of the compounds were investigated using a human normal cell line.

Results and Discussion: According to the results, postbiotics had aconcentration-dependent antimicrobial effect, and the inhibitory effect increased with increasing concentrations. The antimicrobial activity was mainly linked with lactic acid and laurostearic acid. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of the prepared postbiotic was determined to be 100 mg/ml. The lowest Minimum Effective Concentration (MEC) of postbiotics significantly differed in the food matrix, and a low MEC (minimum effective concentration) index (150 mg/ml) was detected for postbiotic of L. acidophilus.

Conclusion: Therefore, the prepared postbiotic should be subjected to more in-depth analysis to examine its suitability as a food additive.

Keywords: Postbiotics, probiotic, antimicrobial activity, chemical composition, chromatography-mass spectrometry, lactic acid.

Graphical Abstract

[1]
Prezzi LE, Lee SHI, Nunes VMR, et al. Effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus on growth of Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus in a probiotic Minas Frescal cheese. Food Microbiol 2020; 92: 103557.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fm.2020.103557] [PMID: 32950151]
[2]
Żółkiewicz J, Marzec A, Ruszczyński M, Feleszko W. Postbiotics—a step beyond pre-and probiotics. Nutrients 2020; 12(8): 2189.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12082189] [PMID: 32717965]
[3]
Pal M, Ketchakmadze D, Durglishvili N, Ketchakmadze K, et al. Staphylococcus aureus: A major pathogen of food poisoning: A rare research report. Nutrition and Food Processing 2022; 5(1): 01-3.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2637-8914/074]
[4]
Wang L, Hua X, Shi J, et al. Ochratoxin A: Occurrence and recent advances in detoxification. Toxicon 2022; 210: 11-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2022.02.010] [PMID: 35181402]
[5]
Rossoni RD, de Barros PP, Mendonça IC, et al. The postbiotic activity of Lactobacillus paracasei 28.4 against Candida auris. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10: 397.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2020.00397] [PMID: 32850495]
[6]
Homayouni R. A, Aghebati M. L, Samadi K. H, Fathi Z. H, Abbasi A. Postbiotics as promising tools for cancer adjuvant therapy. Adv Pharm Bull 2020; 11(1): 1-5.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/apb.2021.007] [PMID: 33747846]
[7]
Mohebbi Z, Homayouni A, Azizi MH, Hosseini SJ. Effects of beta-glucan and resistant starch on wheat dough and prebiotic bread properties. J Food Sci Technol 2018; 55(1): 101-10.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13197-017-2836-9] [PMID: 29358800]
[8]
Rad AH, Abbasi A, Kafil HS, Ganbarov K. Potential pharmaceutical and food applications of postbiotics: A review. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2020; 21(15): 1576-87.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389201021666200516154833] [PMID: 32416671]
[9]
Homayouni Rad A, Pirouzian HR, Toker OS, Konar N. Application of simplex lattice mixture design for optimization of sucrose-free milk chocolate produced in a ball mill. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2019; 115: 108435.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2019.108435]
[10]
Mirghafourvand M, Homayouni R. A, Mohammad Alizadeh Charandabi S, Fardiazar Z, Shokri K. The effect of probiotic yogurt on constipation in pregnant women: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Iran Red Crescent Med J 2016; 18(11): e39870.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.5812/ircmj.39870] [PMID: 28203450]
[11]
Ejtahed H, Mohtadi NJ, Homayouni RA, Niafar M, Asghari JM, Mofid V, et al. The effects of probiotic and conventional yoghurt on diabetes markers and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic patients: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Majallah-i Ghudad-i Darun/Riz va Mitabulism-i Iran 2011; 13(1): 1-8.
[12]
Homayouni-Rad A, Soleimani RA, Khani N. Can postbiotics prevent or improve SARS-CoV-2? Curr Nutr Food Sci 2023; 19(8): 756-7.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573401318666221004112500]
[13]
Sadeghi A, Ebrahimi M, Kharazmi MS, Jafari SM. Effects of microbial-derived biotics (meta/pharma/post-biotics) on the modulation of gut microbiome and metabolome; general aspects and emerging trends. Food Chem 2023; 411: 135478.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.135478] [PMID: 36696721]
[14]
Salminen S, Collado MC, Endo A, et al. The International Scientific Association of Probiotics and Prebiotics (ISAPP) consensus statement on the definition and scope of postbiotics. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 18(9): 649-67.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41575-021-00440-6] [PMID: 33948025]
[15]
Khani N, Abedi S. R, Noorkhajavi G, Abedi S. A, Abbasi A, Homayouni R. A. Postbiotics as potential promising tools for SARS-CoV-2 disease adjuvant therapy. J Appl Microbiol 2022; 132(6): 4097-111.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jam.15457] [PMID: 35064987]
[16]
Aghebati-Maleki L, Hasannezhad P, Abbasi A, Khani N. Antibacterial, antiviral, antioxidant, and anticancer activities of postbiotics: a review of mechanisms and therapeutic perspectives. Biointerface Res Appl Chem 2021; 12(2): 2629-45.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.33263/BRIAC122.26292645]
[17]
Rad AH, Aghebati-Maleki L, Kafil HS, Gilani N, Abbasi A, Khani N. Postbiotics, as dynamic biomolecules, and their promising role in promoting food safety. Biointerface Res Appl Chem 2021; 11(6): 14529-44.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.33263/BRIAC116.1452914544]
[18]
Homayouni-rad A. Postbiotics as a safe alternative to live probiotic bacteria in the food and pharmaceutical industries. HBI J 2021; 26: 132-57.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.52547/sjku.26.4.132]
[19]
Hosseini SA, Abbasi A, Sabahi S, Khani N. Application of postbiotics produced by lactic acid bacteria in the development of active food packaging. Biointerface Res Appl Chem 2021; 12(5): 6164-83.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.33263/BRIAC125.61646183]
[20]
Zhao Z, Wu J, Sun Z, et al. Postbiotics derived from L. paracasei ET-22 inhibit the formation of S. mutans biofilms and bioactive substances: An analysis. Molecules 2023; 28(3): 1236.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28031236] [PMID: 36770903]
[21]
Moradi M, Mardani K, Tajik H. Characterization and application of postbiotics of Lactobacillus spp. on Listeria monocytogenes in vitro and in food models. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2019; 111: 457-64.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2019.05.072]
[22]
Shafipour Yordshahi A, Moradi M, Tajik H, Molaei R. Design and preparation of antimicrobial meat wrapping nanopaper with bacterial cellulose and postbiotics of lactic acid bacteria. Int J Food Microbiol 2020; 321: 108561.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2020.108561] [PMID: 32078868]
[23]
Khani N, Soleimani RA, Milani PG, Rad AH. Evaluation of the antifungal and antibiofilm activity of postbiotics derived from Lactobacillus spp. on Penicillium expansoum in vitro and in food model. Lett Appl Microbiol 2023; 76(7): ovad070.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/lambio/ovad070] [PMID: 37339913]
[24]
Kafil HS, Ozma MA, Khodadadi E, et al. Bacterial proteomics and its application in pathogenesis studies. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2022; 23(10): 1245-56.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389201022666210908153234] [PMID: 34503411]
[25]
Chang HM, Foo HL, Loh TC, Lim ETC, Abdul Mutalib NE. Comparative studies of inhibitory and antioxidant activities, and organic acids compositions of postbiotics produced by probiotic Lactiplantibacillus plantarum strains isolated from Malaysian foods. Front Vet Sci 2021; 7: 602280.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2020.602280] [PMID: 33575277]
[26]
Chuah LO, Foo HL, Loh TC, et al. Postbiotic metabolites produced by Lactobacillus plantarum strains exert selective cytotoxicity effects on cancer cells. BMC Complement Altern Med 2019; 19(1): 114.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12906-019-2528-2] [PMID: 31159791]
[27]
Wilson RM. Investigating the Antibacterial and Immunomodulatory Properties of Lactobacillus acidophilus Postbiotics. Phd Thesis, Virtua Health College of Medicine and Life Sciences of Rowan University, 2023.
[28]
Cuevas-González PF, Liceaga AM, Aguilar-Toalá JE. Postbiotics and paraprobiotics: From concepts to applications. Food Res Int 2020; 136: 109502.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109502] [PMID: 32846581]
[29]
Ozma MA, Abbasi A, Sabahi S. Characterization of postbiotics derived from Lactobacillus paracasei ATCC 55544 and its application in Malva sylvestris seed mucilage edible coating to the improvement of the microbiological, and sensory properties of lamb meat during storage. Biointerface Res Appl Chem 2022; 13(3): 267-1.
[30]
Scott E, De Paepe K, Van de Wiele T. Postbiotics and their health modulatory biomolecules. Biomolecules 2022; 12(11): 1640.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom12111640] [PMID: 36358990]
[31]
Garcia P. V, Jorge H.C.G. R. Antimicrobial activity of Lactobacillus acidophilus against foodborne pathogens J Biosci Appl Res 2007; 8(3): 173-80.
[32]
Ali M, Abdel-Fatah AM, Janson J-C, Elshafei A. Antimicrobial potential of Saccharomyces boulardii extracts and fractions. J Appl Sci Res 2012; 4537-43.
[33]
Rad AH, Hosseini S, Pourjafar H. Postbiotics as dynamic biological molecules for antimicrobial activity: A mini-review. Biointerface Res Appl Chem 2022; 12(5): 6543-56.
[34]
Sevin S, Karaca B, Haliscelik O, Kibar H, OmerOglou E, Kiran F. Postbiotics secreted by Lactobacillus sakei EIR/CM-1 isolated from cow milk microbiota, display antibacterial and antibiofilm activity against ruminant mastitis-causing pathogens. Ital J Anim Sci 2021; 20(1): 1302-16.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1828051X.2021.1958077]
[35]
Ooi MF, Foo HL, Loh TC, Mohamad R, Rahim RA, Ariff A. A refined medium to enhance the antimicrobial activity of postbiotic produced by Lactiplantibacillus plantarum RS5. Sci Rep 2021; 11(1): 7617.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-87081-6] [PMID: 33828119]
[36]
Zamojska D, Nowak A, Nowak I, Macierzyńska-Piotrowska E. Probiotics and postbiotics as substitutes of antibiotics in farm animals: A review. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11(12): 3431.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11123431] [PMID: 34944208]
[37]
Kareem KY, Hooi L. F, Teck C. L, May F. O, Anjas A. S. Inhibitory activity of postbiotic produced by strains of Lactobacillus plantarum using reconstituted media supplemented with inulin. Gut Pathog 2014; 6(1): 23.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1757-4749-6-23] [PMID: 24991236]
[38]
Noori SMA, Behfar A, Saadat A, Ameri A, Atashi Y. SS, Siahpoosh A. Antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of natural postbiotics derived from five lactic acid bacteria. Jundishapur J Nat Pharm Prod 2022; 18(1): e130785.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.5812/jjnpp-130785]
[39]
Danladi Y, Loh TC, Foo HL, Akit H, Md Tamrin NA, Naeem Azizi M. Effects of postbiotics and paraprobiotics as replacements for antibiotics on growth performance, carcass characteristics, small intestine histomorphology, immune status and hepatic growth gene expression in broiler chickens. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12(7): 917.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12070917] [PMID: 35405905]
[40]
Humam AM, Loh TC, Foo HL, et al. Effects of feeding different postbiotics produced by Lactobacillus plantarum on growth performance, carcass yield, intestinal morphology, gut microbiota composition, immune status, and growth gene expression in broilers under heat stress. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9(9): 644.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani9090644] [PMID: 31480791]
[41]
Monika M. Characterization of lactic acid bacteria postbiotics its in-vitro evaluation for antibacterial effect, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Food Microbiol 2022; 104: 104001.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0974-8180.2022.00047.2]
[42]
Serter B, Önen A, Ilhak OI. Antimicrobial efficacy of postbiotics of lactic acid bacteria and their effects on food safety and shelf life of chicken meat Annal Animal Sci 2024; 24(1): 277-87.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aoas-2023-0081]
[43]
Sabahi S, Homayouni Rad A, Aghebati-Maleki L,, et al. Postbiotics as the new frontier in food and pharmaceutical research. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023; 63(26): 8375-402.
[PMID: 35348016]
[44]
Banakar M, Pourhajibagher M, Etemad-Moghadam S, et al. Antimicrobial effects of postbiotic mediators derived from Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and Lactobacillus reuteri on Streptococcus mutans. Frontiers in Bioscience-Landmark 2023; 28(5): 88.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.31083/j.fbl2805088] [PMID: 37258481]
[45]
Butera A, Gallo S, Pascadopoli M, Taccardi D, Scribante A. Home oral care of periodontal patients using antimicrobial gel with postbiotics, lactoferrin, and aloe barbadensis leaf juice powder vs. conventional chlorhexidine gel: A split-mouth randomized clinical trial. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11(1): 118.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11010118] [PMID: 35052995]
[46]
Hosseini S, Homayouni-Rad A, Samadi K. H, Dorud N. Evaluating the antimicrobial effect of postbiotic extract from Lactobacillus casei on Escherichia coli in commercial sterilized milk. JFood Saf Hygiene 2022; 8(1): 42-52.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/jfsh.v8i1.9960]
[47]
Kiran F, Kibar Demirhan H, Haliscelik O, Zatari D. Metabolic profiles of Weissella spp. postbiotics with anti-microbial and anti-oxidant effects. J Infect Dev Ctries 2023; 17(4): 507-17.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.16921] [PMID: 37159891]
[48]
Kosgey JC, Mwaniki MW, Zhang F. Probiotics and Postbiotics from Food to Health: Antimicrobial Experimental Confirmation. Intechopen 2021.
[49]
Mirnejad R, Vahdati AR, Rashidiani J, Erfani M, Piranfar V. The antimicrobial effect of lactobacillus casei culture supernatant against multiple drug resistant clinical isolates of Shigella sonnei and Shigella flexneri in vitro. Iran Red Crescent Med J 2013; 15(2): 122-6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.5812/ircmj.7454] [PMID: 23682323]
[50]
Oliveira CP, Silva JA, Siqueira-Júnior JP. Nature of the antimicrobial activity of Lactobacillus caseiBifidobacterium bifidum and Bifidobacterium animalis against foodborne pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms. Nat Prod Res 2015; 29(22): 2133-6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2014.989844] [PMID: 25533144]
[51]
Hartmann HA, Wilke T, Erdmann R. Efficacy of bacteriocin-containing cell-free culture supernatants from lactic acid bacteria to control Listeria monocytogenes in food. Int J Food Microbiol 2011; 146(2): 192-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2011.02.031] [PMID: 21411169]
[52]
Ben Slama R, Kouidhi B, Zmantar T, Chaieb K, Bakhrouf A. Anti-listerial and anti-biofilm activities of potential Probiotic L actobacillus strains isolated from T unisian traditional fermented food. J Food Saf 2013; 33(1): 8-16.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jfs.12017]
[53]
Gao H, Wen J-J, Hu J-L, et al. Momordica charantia juice with Lactobacillus plantarum fermentation: Chemical composition, antioxidant properties and aroma profile. Food Biosci 2019; 29: 62-72.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fbio.2019.03.007]
[54]
Min Z, Yunyun J, Miao C, Zhennai Y I. Characterization and ACE inhibitory activity of fermented milk with probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum K25 as analyzed by GC-MS-based metabolomics approach. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 30(6): 903-11.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4014/jmb.1911.11007] [PMID: 32160695]
[55]
Rahbar S. Y, Yari K. A, Movassaghpour AA, Talebi M, Pourghassem G. B. Modulatory role of exopolysaccharides of Kluyveromyces marxianus and Pichia kudriavzevii as probiotic yeasts from dairy products in human colon cancer cells. J Funct Foods 2020; 64: 103675.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2019.103675]
[56]
Messaoudi S, Madi A, Prévost H, et al. In vitro evaluation of the probiotic potential of Lactobacillus salivarius SMXD51. Anaerobe 2012; 18(6): 584-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anaerobe.2012.10.004] [PMID: 23122647]
[57]
Zabala A, Martín MR, Haza AI, Fernández L, Rodríguez JM, Morales P. Anti-proliferative effect of two lactic acid bacteria strains of human origin on the growth of a myeloma cell line. Lett Appl Microbiol 2001; 32(4): 287-92.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1472-765X.2001.00910.x] [PMID: 11298943]
[58]
de Oliveira Coelho B, Fiorda-Mello F, de Melo Pereira G, et al. In vitro probiotic properties and DNA protection activity of yeast and lactic acid bacteria isolated from a honey-based kefir beverage. Foods 2019; 8(10): 485.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods8100485] [PMID: 31614798]
[59]
Izuddin WI, Humam AM, Loh TC, Foo HL, Samsudin AA. Dietary postbiotic Lactobacillus plantarum improves serum and ruminal antioxidant activity and upregulates hepatic antioxidant enzymes and ruminal barrier function in post-weaning lambs. Antioxidants 2020; 9(3): 250.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox9030250] [PMID: 32204511]
[60]
Guerrero-Encinas I, González-González JN, Santiago-López L, et al. Protective effect of Lacticaseibacillus casei CRL 431 postbiotics on mitochondrial function and oxidative status in rats with aflatoxin B1–induced oxidative stress. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2021; 13(4): 1033-43.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12602-021-09747-x] [PMID: 33512646]
[61]
İncili GK, Karatepe P, Akgöl M, et al. Characterization of lactic acid bacteria postbiotics, evaluation in-vitro antibacterial effect, microbial and chemical quality on chicken drumsticks. Food Microbiol 2022; 104: 104001.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fm.2022.104001] [PMID: 35287820]
[62]
Amaretti A, di Nunzio M, Pompei A, Raimondi S, Rossi M, Bordoni A. Antioxidant properties of potentially probiotic bacteria: in vitro and in vivo activities. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 97(2): 809-17.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00253-012-4241-7] [PMID: 22790540]
[63]
Afify AE-MM. Antioxidant activity and biological evaluations of probiotic bacteria strains. Int J Acad Res 2012; 4(6): 131-39.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2012/4-6/A.19]
[64]
Kim JY, Choi SI, Heo TR. Screening of antioxidative activity ofBifidobacterium species isolated from Korean infant feces and their identification. Biotechnol Bioprocess Eng; BBE 2003; 8(3): 199-204.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02935897]
[65]
Lin MY, Yen CL. Inhibition of lipid peroxidation by Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium longum. J Agric Food Chem 1999; 47(9): 3661-4.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf981235l] [PMID: 10552700]