Review of Perspectives on Increasing Demand for "Cardamom Tincture Aromatic" in the Global Market

Page: [283 - 295] Pages: 13

  • * (Excluding Mailing and Handling)

Abstract

Cardamom belongs to the family Zingiberaceae and is indigenous to India and Malesia. The crude drug has potential pharmacological applications such as antioxidant, analgesic, antibacterial antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities. Cardamom also contains bioactive constituents, including terpenoids, flavonoids, carbohydrates, essential oils, and carotenoids. The demand for herbal medicines has increased in most emerging nations, and their supply has steadily grown worldwide. Around 80% of people worldwide use herbal medicines to treat their illnesses. There are many dosage forms for herbal products, including tinctures, powders, liniments, lotions, capsules, balms, syrups, and tablets. "Herbal tincture" refers to concentrated herbal extracts with ethanol generally functioning as the solvent. Cardamom can be used as a tincture to extract its beneficial compounds and create a concentrated liquid form for various purposes. These are widely used as folk medicines and are even well-known in many medical systems, including Ayurveda and homeopathy. There are numerous herbal tinctures on the market, including those of tulsi, compound cardamom, and ginger. These preparations are simple to use and store. The current manuscript discusses several tincture preparation techniques, focusing on cardamom tincture and stability conditions, a market overview, and a few patents.

This article briefly overviews the global trading markets for herbal tinctures, particularly cardamom tinctures. Even the paper has explored the general information of cardamom and a market overview of the herbal tinctures.

Graphical Abstract

[1]
Garg G, Sharma S, Dua A, Mahajan R. Antibacterial potential of polyphenol rich methanol extract of Cardamom (Amomum subulatum). J Innov Biol 2016; 3(1): 271-5.
[2]
Nirmala MA. Studies on the volatiles of cardamom (Elleteria cardamomum). J Food Sci Technol 2000; 37(4): 406-8.
[3]
Aghasi M, Ghazi-Zahedi S, Koohdani F, et al. The effects of green cardamom supplementation on blood glucose, lipids profile, oxidative stress, sirtuin-1 and irisin in type 2 diabetic patients: A study protocol for a randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial. BMC Complement Altern Med 2018; 18(1): 18.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12906-017-2068-6] [PMID: 29343256]
[4]
Azimi P, Ghiasvand R, Feizi A, et al. Effect of cinnamon, cardamom, saffron and ginger consumption on blood pressure and a marker of endothelial function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A randomized controlled clinical trial. Blood Press 2016; 25(3): 133-40.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/08037051.2015.1111020] [PMID: 26758574]
[5]
Kazemi S, Yaghooblou F, Siassi F, et al. Cardamom supplementation improves inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers in hyperlipidemic, overweight, and obese pre-diabetic women: A randomized double-blind clinical trial. J Sci Food Agric 2017; 97(15): 5296-301.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.8414] [PMID: 28480505]
[6]
Qiblawi S, Dhanarasu S, Faris MAI. Chemopreventive effect of cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum L.) against benzo (α) pyrene-induced forestomach papillomagenesis in swiss albino mice. J Environ Pathol Toxicol Oncol 2015; 34(2): 95-104.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/JEnvironPatholToxicolOncol.2015010838] [PMID: 26081028]
[7]
Singh A, Daing A, Dixit J. The effect of herbal, essential oil and chlorhexidine mouthrinse on de novo plaque formation. Int J Dent Hyg 2013; 11(1): 48-52.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-5037.2012.00556.x] [PMID: 22583681]
[8]
Ashokkumar K, Murugan M, Dhanya MK, Raj S, Kamaraj D. Phytochemical variations among four distinct varieties of Indian cardamom Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton. Nat Prod Res 2020; 34(13): 1919-22.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2018.1561687] [PMID: 30663385]
[9]
Ashokkumar K, Murugan M, Dhanya MK, Warkentin TD. Botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry and biological activities of cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton) – A critical review. J Ethnopharmacol 2020; 246: 112244.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2019.112244] [PMID: 31541721]
[10]
Ekor M. The growing use of herbal medicines: Issues relating to adverse reactions and challenges in monitoring safety. Front Pharmacol 2014; 4: 177.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2013.00177] [PMID: 24454289]
[11]
Thakur L, Ghodasra U, Patel N, Dabhi M. Novel approaches for stability improvement in natural medicines. Pharmacogn Rev 2011; 5(9): 48-54.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0973-7847.79099] [PMID: 22096318]
[12]
Dodoo AN, Appiah-Danquah A, Gyansa-Lutterodt M, Duwiejua M. Safety monitoring of herbal medicines in Ghana: Challenges and opportunities. Drug Saf 2006; 29(4): 352-3.
[13]
Gafner S, Bergeron C. The challenges of chemical stability testing of herbal extracts in finished products using state-of-the-art analytical methodologies. Curr Pharm Anal 2005; 1(2): 203-15.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573412054022734]
[14]
Stability testing of active substances and pharmaceutical products Restricted Working document QAS/06179. World Health Organization. 2006; pp. 10-32.
[15]
Kumar S, Kumari R. Traditional, phytochemical and biological activities of Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton–A review. Int J Pharm Sci Res 2021; 12: 2320-5148.
[16]
Bhat, Goudar. Small cardamom cultivation in India. Res Today 2020; 2(5): 113-5.
[17]
Vijayan AK. Small cardamom production technology and future prospects. Int J Agric Sci 2018; 10(16): 0975-3701.
[18]
Daneshi-Maskooni M, Keshavarz SA, Mansouri S, et al. The effects of green cardamom on blood glucose indices, lipids, inflammatory factors, paraxonase-1, sirtuin-1, and irisin in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and obesity: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2017; 18(1): 260.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13063-017-1979-3] [PMID: 28592311]
[19]
Mahmud S. Composition of essential oil of Elettaria cardamomum Maton leaves. Pak J Sci 2008; 60(3-4): 111-4.
[20]
Mehvish S, Barkat MQ. Phytochemical and antioxidant screening of Amomum subulatum, Elettaria cardamomum, Emblica officinalis, Rosa damascene, Santalum album and Valeriana officinalis and their effect on stomach, liver and heart. Matrix Science Medica 2018; 2(2): 28-33.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.26480/msm.02.2018.28.33]
[21]
Al-Zuhair H, el-Sayeh B, Ameen HA, al-Shoora H. Pharmacological studies of cardamom oil in animals. Pharmacol Res 1996; 34(1-2): 79-82.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/phrs.1996.0067] [PMID: 8981560]
[22]
Gilani AH, Jabeen Q, Khan A, Shah AJ. Gut modulatory, blood pressure lowering, diuretic and sedative activities of cardamom. J Ethnopharmacol 2008; 115(3): 463-72.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2007.10.015] [PMID: 18037596]
[23]
Masoumi-Ardakani Y, Mahmoudvand H, Mirzaei A, et al. The effect of Elettaria cardamomum extract on anxiety-like behavior in a rat model of post-traumatic stress disorder. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 87: 489-95.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2016.12.116] [PMID: 28073098]
[24]
Rahman MM, Alam MN, Ulla A, et al. Cardamom powder supplementation prevents obesity, improves glucose intolerance, inflammation and oxidative stress in liver of high carbohydrate high fat diet induced obese rats. Lipids Health Dis 2017; 16(1): 151.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12944-017-0539-x] [PMID: 28806968]
[25]
Kandikattu HK, Rachitha P, Jayashree GV, et al. Anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects of Cardamom (Elettaria repens (Sonn.) Baill) and its phytochemical analysis by 4D GCXGC TOF-MS. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 91: 191-201.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2017.04.049] [PMID: 28458157]
[26]
Masoumi-Ardakani Y, Mandegary A, Esmaeilpour K, et al. Chemical composition, anticonvulsant activity, and toxicity of essential oil and methanolic extract of Elettaria cardamomum. Planta Med 2016; 82(17): 1482-6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-106971] [PMID: 27433883]
[27]
Kasture PV, Gokhale S, Parakh SR, Hasan SA. Practical Pharmaeutica-I. Pune: Nirali Prakashan 2012.
[28]
Jain NK, Sharma SN. A Textbook of Professional Pharmacy. Delhi: Vallabh Prakashan 2007.
[29]
Jain NK, Mishra V. Pharmaceutics-I. Hyderbad: PharmaMed Press 2017.
[30]
Masteiková R, Muselík J, Bernatoniene J, et al. Antioxidant activity of tinctures prepared from hawthorn fruits and motherwort herb. Ceska Slov Farm 2008; 57(1): 35-8.
[31]
Arceusz A, Wesolowski M, Ulewicz-Magulska B. Flavonoids and phenolic acids in methanolic extracts, infusions and tinctures from commercial samples of lemon balm. Natural Prod Commun 2015; 10(6)
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578X1501000645]
[32]
da Cruz AET, da Silva MCD, Oliveira JMS, et al. Chemical and microbiological characterization of tinctures and microcapsules loaded with Brazilian red propolis extract. J Pharm Anal 2017; 7(5): 280-7.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpha.2017.03.004] [PMID: 29404050]
[33]
Hudz N, Makowicz E, Shanaida M, et al. Phytochemical evaluation of tinctures and essential oil obtained from Satureja montana herb. Molecules 2020; 25(20): 4763.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25204763] [PMID: 33081385]
[34]
Bokov DO, Samylina IA. Identification of flavonoids in homeopathic mother tinctures of Galanthus woronowii Losinsk. and Galanthus nivalis L. by ultra-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode arrays and tandem quadrupole mass-selective detectors. Pharm Chem J 2016; 50(7): 458-64.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11094-016-1469-z]
[35]
Gao J, Sanchez-Medina A, Pendry BA, Hughes MJ, Webb GP, Corcoran O. Validation of a HPLC method for flavonoid biomarkers in skullcap (Scutellaria) and its use to illustrate wide variability in the quality of commercial tinctures. J Pharm Pharm Sci 2008; 11(1): 77-87.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.18433/J39G6V] [PMID: 18445366]
[36]
Pereira CG, Barreira L, Bijttebier S, et al. Health promoting potential of herbal teas and tinctures from Artemisia campestris subsp. maritima: From traditional remedies to prospective products. Sci Rep 2018; 8(1): 4689.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-23038-6] [PMID: 29549352]
[37]
Dabulici CM, Vamanu E. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents and correlation with different biological activities of propolis tinctures from romania, preliminary study. Int J Basic Appl Sci 2017; 20(2): 162-7.
[38]
Gawlik-Dziki U, Durak A, Pecio Ł, Kowalska I. Nutraceutical potential of tinctures from fruits, green husks, and leaves of Juglans regia L. Scientific World J 2014; 2014: 1-10.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/501392] [PMID: 24616634]
[39]
Bilia AR, Gabriele C, Bergonzi MC, de Malgalhaes PM, Vincieri FF. Artemisinin and flavonoids yield from aqueous extracts and tinctures of Artemisia annua L. Planta Medica 2006; 72(11): 243.
[40]
Barbosa WL, Vincieri FF, Gallori S, et al. Characterisation of flavonoid glycosides in pharmacopoeial preparation of Cissus verticillata (l) nicolson & ce jarvis) using HPLC-DAD and HPLC-MS. Int J Pharma Sci 2013; 4(10): 3871.
[41]
Sajkowska-Kozielewicz JJ, Gulik K, Makarova K, Paradowska K. Antioxidant properties and stability of Geissospermum reticulatum tinctures: Lag phase ESR and chemometric analysis. Acta Phys Pol A 2017; 132(1): 68-73.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.12693/APhysPolA.132.68]
[42]
Olech M, Nowak R, Los R, Rzymowska J, Malm A, Chrusciel K. Biological activity and composition of teas and tinctures prepared from Rosa rugosa Thunb. Open Life Sci 2012; 7(1): 172-82.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11535-011-0105-x]
[43]
Chan TYK. Aconitum alkaloid content and the high toxicity of aconite tincture. Forensic Sci Int 2012; 222(1-3): 1-3.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2012.02.026] [PMID: 22469654]
[44]
Fatur K, Ravnikar M, Fras V, Kreft S. Pipes and potions: Testing the efficacy of european folk preparation methods for anticholinergic solanaceae plants. Plants 2022; 11(1): 126.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11010126] [PMID: 35009129]
[45]
Sehner SM, Melzig MF. Fluorometric quantification of alkaloids in the homeopathic mother tinctures of Vinca minor L. and Fumaria officinalis L. Pharmazie 2022; 77(1): 2-5.
[PMID: 35045917]
[46]
Kopyt’ko YF, Dargaeva TD, Sokol’skaya TA, Grodnitskaya EI, Kopnin AA. New methods for the quality control of a homeopathic matrix tincture of greater celandine. Pharm Chem J 2005; 39(11): 603-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11094-006-0028-4]
[47]
Gupta VD. Quantitative determination of alkaloids in belladonna tincture USP. Am J Hosp Pharm 1975; 32(2): 215-6.
[PMID: 1136969]
[48]
St-Pierre A, Lajeunesse A, Desgagné-Penix I. Determination of piperidine alkaloids from Indian tobacco (Lobelia inflata) plants and plant-derived products. Austin Biochemistry 2017; 2(2): 1-8.
[49]
Sharma DB, Aphale P, Sinnarkar V, Chitlange SS, Thomas A. Standardization of homoeopathic mother tincture of strychnous nux vomica with the help of high-performance thin layer chromatography and correlation of its alkaloid markers with its toxicological action. RJPT 2021; 14(8): 4203-6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.52711/0974-360X.2021.00728]
[50]
D’Amelio FS Sr, Mirhom YW, Williamson YV, Schulbaum PL, Krueger EB. Comparative study of the alkaloids extracted from Vinca minor and those present in the homeopathic tincture 1X. Planta Med 2012; 78(11): PF4.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0032-1320550]
[51]
Brindle H, Rigby G, Sharma SN. The assay of tincture of digitalis and of the glycosides of Digitalis purpurea. J Pharm Pharmacol 1953; 5(11): 876-81.
[PMID: 13109720]
[52]
Love J, Simons CR. Acid hydrolysis of saponins extracted in tincture. PLoS One 2020; 15(12): e0244654.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0244654] [PMID: 33382809]
[53]
Kokate CK, Purohit AP, Gokhale SB. Pharmacognosy. Pune: Nirali Prakashan 2005.
[54]
Amaranth: An Ancient Grain With Impressive Health Benefits. Available from: https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/amaranth-health-benefits
[55]
Jean-Marie M. Method for producing essential tincture, for the extraction and enhancement of the whole of the active ingredients of all plants, and of the plants (roots, wood, plants and flowers). EP2278983A2, 2008.
[56]
Mary Y, Jason Y. Tincture preparation method and use. US9468865B1, 2015.
[57]
Jeffrey JK, Kim AP. Tincture for infusing flavonoids and methods of use. US14/815,085, 2015.
[58]
Thaler I, Strauss R. Imidazole derivative tincture and method of manufacture. US-12946293-A, 1995.
[59]
Ding L, Xie F, Xia Q, Wang H, Guo J, Zhang X. Method for determining alkaloid in coffee tincture. CN102095816B, 2011.
[60]
Sergey NI, Sanchez-Medina A. Настойка "сергеевская". RU2323736C2, 2005.
[61]
Herbal Tincture Market Forecast and CAGR. Available from: https://www.factmr.com/report/herbal-tincture-market (Accessed on: Sep 2022).
[62]
Opium Tincture Market – Forecast. Available from: https://www. industryarc.com/Report/16125/opium-tincture-market.html
[63]
Natural Extracts Market Size, Share & Trends Analysis Report By Product (Essential Oils, Oleoresins, Herbal Extracts, Natural Colors, Dried Crops), By Application, By Region, And Segment Forecasts, 2021 – 2028.. Available from: https://www.grandviewresearch.com/industry-analysis/natural-extracts-market
[64]
Cardamom market - growth, trends, covid-19 impact, and forecasts (2022 - 2027). Available from: https://www.mordorintelligence. com/industry-reports/cardamom-market
[66]
International pepper community publication special issue on Guatelama Cardamom July. 2020. Available from: http://www. cardamomassociation.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Guatemala-Cardamom-Report-2020-revision-2-1.pdf
[67]
Guatemala, Indonesia and India appear as the largest suppliers of nutmeg. Available from: https://www.fooddive.com/press-release/20180629-guatemala-indonesia-and-india-appear-as-the-largest-suppliers-of-nutmeg/
[68]
Kremer STM, Bijmolt THA, Leeflang PSH, Wieringa JE. Generalizations on the effectiveness of pharmaceutical promotional expenditures. Int J Res Mark 2008; 25(4): 234-46.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijresmar.2008.08.001]
[69]
Junior Ladeira W, Dalmoro M, Eduardo Maehler A, Falcão Araujo C. Drug prescription practices in Brazil: A structural equation model. Int J Pharm Healthc Mark 2011; 5(4): 262-78.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/17506121111190103]
[70]
Al-Hamdi AY, Hassali MAA, Ibrahim MIM. Impact of pharmaceutical promotion on healthcare professional’s practices and behaviour: Views from general practitioners, medicine dispensers and medical representatives in Yemen. J Med Mark 2012; 12(4): 240-6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1745790412455942]
[71]
Manchanda P, Honka E. The effects and role of direct-to-physician marketing in the pharmaceutical industry: An integrative review. Yale J Health Policy Law Ethics 2005; 5(2): 785-822.
[PMID: 16052900]
[72]
Campo K, Staebel OD, Gijsbrechts E, van Waterschoot W. Physicians’ decision process for drug prescription and the impact of pharmaceutical marketing mix instruments. Health Mark Q 2005; 22(4): 73-107.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/J026v22n04_05] [PMID: 16597584]
[73]
Shibuya A, Nakayama M, Inoue R, Imai Y, Kondo Y. Decision making and physician prescribing characteristics: A pilot study of Japanese physicians. AMIA Annual Symposium Proceedings. 604-8.
[74]
Venkataraman S, Stremersch S. The debate on influencing doctors’ decisions: are drug characteristics the missing link? Manage Sci 2007; 53(11): 1688-701.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.1070.0718]
[75]
Shamimulhaq S, Ahmed R, Ahmad N, Khoso I, Vishnu P. Factors influencing prescription behavior of physicians. Ethiop J Health Sci 2014; 28(6): 795-804.
[76]
Zahrani H. The impact of pharmaceutical promotions on primary health care physicianprescribing behaviour in KAMC in central region. Int J Med Sci Public Health 2014; 3(3): 358-61.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/ijmsph.2014.150120141]
[77]
Rosenthal MB, Berndt ER, Donohue JM, Epstein AM, Frank RG. Demand effects of recent changes in prescription drug promotion. Forum Health Econ 2003; 6(1)
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2202/1558-9544.1044]
[78]
Janakiraman R, Dutta S, Sismeiro C, Stern P. Physicians’ persistence and its implications for their response to promotion of prescription drugs. Manage Sci 2008; 54(6): 1080-93.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.1070.0799]
[79]
O’Connor GE. Emerging promotional and pricing approaches in the US pharmaceutical market. J Prod & Brand Manage 2014; 23(7): 572-80.
[80]
Narayanan S, Desiraju R, Chintagunta PK. Return on investment implications for pharmaceutical promotional expenditures: The role of marketing-mix interactions. J Mark 2004; 68(4): 90-105.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1509/jmkg.68.4.90.42734]
[81]
Epstein AJ, Ketcham JD. Information technology and agency in physicians’ prescribing decisions. RAND J Econ 2014; 45(2): 422-48.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1756-2171.12057]
[82]
Handa M, Vohra A, Srivastava V. Perception of physicians towards pharmaceutical promotion in India. J Med Mark 2013; 13(2): 82-92.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1745790413480519]
[83]
Vancelik S, Beyhun NE, Acemoglu H, Calikoglu O. Impact of pharmaceutical promotion on prescribing decisions of general practitioners in Eastern Turkey. BMC Public Health 2007; 7(1): 122.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-7-122] [PMID: 17592644]
[84]
Ahmed R, Sattar I, Vishnu P. Product strategies in pharmaceutical marketing: A perspective of Pakistani pharmaceutical industry. Middle East J Sci Res 2014; 21(4): 681-8.
[85]
Kalaskar PB, Sager PN. Factors influencing prescription behavior of physicians: A study with reference to Marathwada Regio. Indian Streams Res J 2012; 2: 1-4.
[86]
Parihar SS. Influence of pharmaceutical marketing promotion on physicians prescription behaviour in tier-III & Tier-IV. Asia Pac Manag Rev 1 2012; 45(49)
[87]
Al-Areefi MA, Hassali MA, Mohamed IMI. The role of pharmaceutical marketing and other factors in prescribing decisions: The Yemeni experience. Res Social Adm Pharm 2013; 9(6): 981-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2012.10.006] [PMID: 23218551]
[88]
Gönül FF, Carter F, Petrova E, Srinivasan K. Promotion of prescription drugs and its impact on physicians’ choice behavior. J Mark 2001; 65(3): 79-90.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1509/jmkg.65.3.79.18329]
[89]
Kerak E, Louhoudi H, Ouardouz M. Assessment of the quality of the services provided by pharmaceutical representatives: Case of Moroccan delegates from the region of Salé. Int J Innov Appl Stud 2014; 8(2): 451.
[90]
Klemenc-Ketis Z, Kersnik J. The assessment of pharmaceutical sales representatives by family physicians--does it affect the prescribing index? Fam Pract 2013; 30(3): 320-4.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/fampra/cms078] [PMID: 23241163]
[91]
Parker RS, Pettijohn CE. Pharmaceutical drug marketing strategies and tactics: a comparative analysis of attitudes held by pharmaceutical representatives and physicians. Health Mark Q 2005; 22(4): 27-43.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/J026v22n04_03] [PMID: 16597582]
[92]
Saito S, Mukohara K, Bito S. Japanese practicing physicians’ relationships with pharmaceutical representatives: A national survey. PLoS One 2010; 5(8): e12193.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0012193] [PMID: 20730093]
[93]
Murti Y, Semwal BC, Goyal A, Mishra P. Naringenin scaffold as a template for drug designing. Curr Tradit Med 2021; 7(1): 28-44.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2215083805666190617144652]
[94]
Gupta J, Ahuja A, Gupta R. Green approaches for cancers management: An effective tool for health care. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 22(1): 101-14.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1871520621666210119091826] [PMID: 33463475]
[95]
Harwansh RK, Bahadur S. Herbal medicines to fight against COVID-19: New battle with an old weapon. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2022; 23(2): 235-60.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389201022666210322124348] [PMID: 33749558]
[96]
Verma T, Sinha M, Bansal N, Yadav SR, Shah K, Chauhan NS. Plants used as antihypertensive. Nat Prod Bioprospect 2021; 11(2): 155-84.