Generic placeholder image

Current Nutrition & Food Science

Author(s): Daily Arias-Ramos, Idelsy Chil-Núñez, Humberto J. Morris*, Miladis Camacho-Pozo, Yamila Lebeque-Pérez, Gabriel Llauradó-Maury, Paul Cos and Chris Vervaet

DOI: 10.2174/1573401318666220211101143

DownloadDownload PDF Flyer Cite As
Technological, Biochemical and Microbiological Evaluation of Dehydrated Pleurotus ostreatus Powder for Nutraceutical Applications

Page: [507 - 514] Pages: 8

  • * (Excluding Mailing and Handling)

Explore Articles
About Journal
For Authors
For Editors
For Reviewers

Abstract

Background: Mushroom-based products can serve as superior nutraceuticals in both preventing and alleviating human diseases. Dehydrated powder of Pleurotus ostreatus grown in Cuba has a rich nutritional composition and a large number of therapeutic properties. However, technological parameters (e.g. rheological), as well as biochemical and microbiological quality control standards for its use as a raw material in the manufacture of solid dosage forms with nutraceutical and biopharmaceutical applications have not been established yet.

Objective: The study aims to determine the technological, biochemical and microbiological quality parameters of dehydrated Pleurotus ostreatus powder.

Methods: Rheological properties (Carr´s index, Hausner´s ratio, angle of repose and flow rate) were determined in seven batches of mushroom powder. Biochemical and microbiological analyses were performed using standard methods. Other physicochemical properties (mean particle size, pH and moisture) were also determined.

Results: Technical parameters showed a mean particle size of 224.08±7.96 μm, Carr´s compressibility index (23.08-26.58%), Hausner´s ratio (1.30-1.36), angle of repose (36.6-41.90°) and flow rate (3.69-6.93 g cm-2 s-1), typical of materials with poor flowability. Biochemical analyses indicated significant nutraceutical composition: protein (25.0-30.4%), carbohydrate (45-60%), ash (6.1-9.8%), fiber (5-9%), β-D-Glucans (1.47-1.61%), iron (21-50 mg/100 g), zinc (3.8-8.0 mg/100 g), and polyphenols (123-160 mg/100 g). Moisture content was ≤3.50% and microbiological analyses were in agreement with ISO standards.

Conclusion: Dehydrated P. ostreatus powder exhibits good nutraceutical composition and microbiological quality. Technological parameters evidenced poor flow properties, suggesting the need to include excipients to improve the rheological properties for applications as an active ingredient in solid dosage forms for health benefits.

Keywords: Biopharmaceutical, dehydrated powder, microbiological analysis, mushrooms, nutraceuticals, Pleurotus ostreatus, rheological properties.

Graphical Abstract

[1]
Morris HJ, Llauradó G, Beltrán Y, et al. The use of mushrooms in the development of functional foods, drugs and nutraceuticals. In: Ferreira I, Barros L, Morales P, Eds Wild plants, mushrooms and nuts: functional foods properties and applications. 1st ed. Chichester, UK: John Wiley and Sons, Ltd. 2017; pp. 123-57.
[2]
Hetland G, Johnson E, Bernardshaw SV, Grinde B. Can medicinal mushrooms have prophylactic or therapeutic effect against COVID-19 and its pneumonic superinfection and complicating inflammation? Scand J Immunol 2021; 93(1)e12937
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/sji.12937] [PMID: 32657436]
[3]
Morris HJ, Bermúdez RC, Llauradó G, Beltrán Y, García N. Mushroom science in Cuba: Towards new opportunities for developing functional foods/nutraceuticals. In: Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Mushroom Biology and Mushroom Products (ICMBMP8) vol I Nov 19-22; New Delhi, India. 2014. In: ICARDirectorate of Mushroom Research and Mushroom Society of India; 2014; 422-32.
[4]
Khan A, Tania M. Nutritional and medicinal importance of Pleurotus mushrooms: An overview. Food Rev Int 2012; 28(3): 313-29.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/87559129.2011.637267]
[5]
Patel Y, Naraian R, Singh VK. Medicinal properties of Pleurotus species (Oyster Mushroom): A review. World J Fungal Plant Biol 2012; 3: 1-12.
[6]
Pérez-Martínez AS, Acevedo-Padilla SA, Bibbins-Martínez M, Galván-Alonso J, Rosales-Mendoza S. A perspective on the use of Pleurotus for the development of convenient fungi-made oral subunit vaccines. Vaccine 2015; 33(1): 25-33.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.10.059] [PMID: 25444808]
[7]
Gomes-Corrêa RC, Brugnari T, Bracht A, Peralta RM, Ferreira ICFR. Biotechnological, nutritional and therapeutic uses of Pleurotus spp. (Oyster mushroom) related with its chemical composition: A review on the past decade findings. Trends Food Sci Technol 2016; 50: 103-17.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2016.01.012]
[8]
Öztürk M, Tel G, Muhammad A, Terzioglu P, Duru ME. Mushrooms: A source of exciting bioactive compounds. In: Rahman A,EdStudies in Natural Products Chemistry. 1st ed. Amsterdam: Elsevier 2016; pp. 363-456.
[9]
Lebeque Y, Morris HJ, Beltrán Y, et al. Proximal composition, nutraceutical properties and acute toxicity study of Pleurotus ostreatus mushroom powder. Int J Med Mushrooms 2018; 20: 1185-95.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/IntJMedMushrooms.v20.i12.60] [PMID: 30806299]
[10]
Llauradó G, Morris HJ, Lebeque Y, et al. Phytochemical screening and effects on cell-mediated immune response of Pleurotus fruiting bodies powder. Food Agric Immunol 2013; 24(3): 295-304.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09540105.2012.686988]
[11]
Hernández YS, Bedia MMG, Sánchez LRB, et al. Technological evaluation of Parthenium hysterophorus L. powderwith a pharmaceutical purpose. Revista CENIC Ciencias Químicas 2011; 42: 33-6.
[12]
Bermúdez RC, García N, Gross P, Serrano M. Cultivation of Pleurotus on agricultural substrates in Cuba. Micol Aplicada Int 2001; 13: 25-9.
[13]
Lieberman HA, Lachman L, Schwartz JB. Pharmaceutical dosage forms tablets. 2nd ed. New York: Marcel Dekker 1989.
[14]
USP The United States Pharmacopeia. 41st ed. Baltimore, MD: United Book Press, Inc. 2018.
[15]
Iraizoz A, Bilbao RO, Barrios MA. Conferences of Pharmaceutical Technology II. La Habana: ENPES 1992; pp. 98-112.
[16]
AOAC Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC. 16th Ed. Arlington: Association of Official Analytical Chemists 1995.
[17]
Lowry OH, Rosebrough NJ, Farr AL, Randall RJ. Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent. J Biol Chem 1951; 193(1): 265-75.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9258(19)52451-6] [PMID: 14907713]
[18]
Dubois M, Gilles KA, Hamilton JK, Rebers PA, Smith F. Colorimetric method for determination of sugars and related substances. Anal Chem 1956; 28(3): 350-6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac60111a017]
[19]
Nitschke J, Modick H, Busch E, von Rekowski RW, Altenbach HJ, Mölleken H. A new colorimetric method to quantify β-1,3-1,6-glucans in comparison with total β-1,3-glucans in edible mushrooms. Food Chem 2011; 127(2): 791-6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.12.149] [PMID: 23140737]
[20]
Singleton VL, Orthofer R, Lamuela-Raventós RM. Analysis of total phenols and other oxidation substratesand antioxidants by means of Folin-Ciocalteu reagent. Methods Enzymol 1999; 299: 152-78.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0076-6879(99)99017-1]
[21]
Cuban National Bureau of Standards NC 585: 2017 Microbiological contaminants for food-Sanitary requirementsICS: 67020; 0710030. 5th ed. La Habana: Cuban National Bureau of Standards 2017.
[22]
Ul-Islam Sh. Plant-based natural products derivatives and applications. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and Scrivener Publishing LLC 2017.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119423898]
[23]
Wasser SP. Medicinal mushroom science: Current perspectives, advances, evidences, and challenges. Biomed J 2014; 37(6): 345-56.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2319-4170.138318] [PMID: 25179726]
[24]
Prasad S, Rathore H, Sharma S, Yadav AS. Medicinal mushrooms as a source of novel functional foods. Int J Food Sci Nutr Diet 2015; 4(5): 221-5.
[25]
Garcín PC, Salinas PL, Acosta FI, Meyer SCL, Franco DD, Lizaur ABP. Food pH: A tool for the management of patients with gastroesophageal reflux. Revista Mexicana de Pediatría 2018; 85(3): 89-94.
[26]
Torres CAV, Ocampo RD, Rodríguez WM, Chang JV, Salazar TMC. Nutritional quality of fresh and dehydrated Pleurotus ostreatus fungus, farmed in three type agricultural waste. Revista ESPAMCIENCIA 2017; 8(2): 75-83.
[27]
García P, Rodríguez W, Chalarca E, Andrade A. Microbiologic and physicochemical study of fresh and dehydrated edible fungus (Pleurotus ostreatus and Pleurotus pulmonarius). Ingenierías & Amazonia 2014; 7(1): 41-7.
[28]
Fuentes JAM, Murillo CEP, Loza MJT, et al. Description of physical-chemical parameters of coffee pulp (Coffea arabica) in different varieties and altitudinal floors. Nexo Revista Científica 2020; 33(02): 777-83.
[29]
Tascón JM. The Ostwald-de Izaguirre theory about absorption in disolution. Part I. An Quim 2013; 109(3): 193-200.
[30]
Jallo LJ, Ghoroi C, Gurumurthy L, Patel U, Davé RN. Improvement of flow and bulk density of pharmaceutical powders using surface modification. Int J Pharm 2012; 423(2): 213-25.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2011.12.012] [PMID: 22197769]
[31]
Tapash KG, Bhaskara RJ. Theory and Practice of Contemporary Pharmaceutics. Washington, DC: CRC Press 2005.
[32]
Aziz MG, Yusof YA, Blanchard C, Saifullah M, Farahnaky A, Scheiling G. Material properties and tableting of fruit powders. Food Eng Rev 2018; 10(2): 66-80.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12393-018-9175-0]
[33]
Maray AR, Mostafa MK. El‐Fakhrany AEDM. Effect of pretreatments and drying methods on physico‐chemical, sensory characteristics and nutritional value of oyster mushroom. J Food Process Preserv 2018; 42(1)e13352
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jfpp.13352]
[34]
Salústio PJ, Inácio C, Nunes T, Sousa E, Silva JP, Costa PC. Flow characterization of a pharmaceutical excipient using the shear cell method. Pharm Dev Technol 2020; 25(2): 237-44.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10837450.2019.1688348] [PMID: 31718375]
[35]
Saifullah M, Yusof YA, Chin NL, Aziz MG. Physicochemical and flow properties of fruit powder and their effect on the dissolution of fast dissolving fruit powder tablets. Powder Technol 2016; 301: 396-404.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2016.06.035]
[36]
Sarraguça MC, Cruz AV, Soares SO, Amaral HR, Costa PC, Lopes JA. Determination of flow properties of pharmaceutical powders by near infrared spectroscopy. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2010; 52(4): 484-92.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpba.2010.01.038] [PMID: 20167448]
[37]
Bhatta S, Stevanovic T, Ratti C. Freeze-drying of maple syrup: Efficient protocol formulation and evaluation of powder physicochemical properties. Dry Technol 2020; 38(9): 1138-50.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07373937.2019.1616751]
[38]
Rodríguez MZL, Quesada AC. Technological development of a natural product with sedative action: Pasiflora.tablets. Revista CENIC Ciencias Químicas 2009; 40(2): 101-3.
[39]
Zea LP, Yusof YA, Aziz MG, Ling CN, Amin NAM. Compressibility and dissolution characteristics of mixed fruit tablets made from guava and pitaya fruit powders. Powder Technol 2013; 247: 112-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2013.06.032]
[40]
Carrasco-González JA, Serna-Saldívar SO, Gutiérrez-Uribe JA. Nutritional composition and nutraceutical properties of the Pleurotus fruiting bodies: Potential use as food ingredient. J Food Compos Anal 2017; 58: 69-81.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfca.2017.01.016]
[41]
Atri N, Sharma SK, Joshi R, Gulati A, Gulati A. Nutritional and neutraceutical composition of five wild culinary-medicinal species of genus Pleurotus (higher Basidiomycetes) from northwest India. Int J Med Mushrooms 2013; 15(1): 49-56.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/IntJMedMushr.v15.i1.60] [PMID: 23510284]
[42]
Deepalakshmi K, Mirunalini S. Pleurotus ostreatus: An oyster mushroom with nutritional and medicinal properties. J Biochem Technol 2014; 5: 718-26.
[43]
Khatun S, Islam A, Cakilcioglu U, Guler P, Chatterjee NC. Nutritional qualities and antioxidant activity of three edible oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus spp.). NJAS Wagening J Life Sci 2015; 72-73: 1-5.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.njas.2012.03.003]
[44]
Cuban Ministry of Public Health-MINSAP Annual Statistical Health. Havana, Cuba: Ministry of Public Health 2019; p. 40.
[45]
Titchenal A, Hara S, Arceo N, et al. Human nutrition. 2020 Edition. Mänoa: mänoa food science and human nutrition program 2020; 649-73.
[46]
Morris HJ, Llauradó G, Beltrán Y, et al. Immunomodulating and antitumor properties of Pleurotus sp. in Cuba.In: Sánchez JE, Mata G, Royse DJ, EdsUpdates on Tropical Mushrooms Basic and Applied Research San Cristóbal de Las Casas. Chiapas, México: El Colegio de la Frontera Sur 2018; pp. 159-80.
[47]
Ratajczak M, Kubicka MM. Kamińska D, Sawicka P, Długaszewska J. Microbiological quality of non-sterile pharmaceutical products. Saudi Pharm J 2015; 23(3): 303-7.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsps.2014.11.015] [PMID: 26106278]
[48]
Fuselli S, Filsinger B, Fritz R, Yeannes M. Microbiological study of garlic (Allium sativum L.) and onion (Allium cepa L.) dehydrated. Rev Argent Microbiol 2004; 36: 139-44.
[PMID: 15559197]