Generic placeholder image

Current Nutrition & Food Science

Author(s): S. C. Biswas, A. Bora, P. Mudoi, T. K. Misra and S. Das*

DOI: 10.2174/1573401318666211221155620

DownloadDownload PDF Flyer Cite As
Evaluation of Nutritional Value, Antioxidant Activity, and Phenolic Content of Protium serratum Engl and Artocarpus chama Buch.-Ham, Wild Edible Fruits Available in Tripura, a North-Eastern State of India

Page: [589 - 596] Pages: 8

  • * (Excluding Mailing and Handling)

Explore Articles
About Journal
For Authors
For Editors
For Reviewers

Abstract

Background: Protium serratum Engl (Indian red pear) and Artocarpus chama Buch.- Ham (wild jackfruit) are typical wild edible fruits that have a wide range of folk medicinal properties.

Objectives: Our present study deals with the exploration of nutritional value, antioxidant activity, and total phenolic content present in Protium serratum Engl and Artocarpus chama Buch.-Ham fruits.

Methods: The soxhlet apparatus was used to extract crude samples. The quantitative analysis of the wild edible fruits was broadly done by proximate and ultimate analysis techniques.

Results: The results showed that the moisture contents in P. serratum and A. chama Buch. are 78.53% and 74.23%, respectively. The obtained ash (8.59%), fiber (3.17%), total sugar (5.495 mg/100g), and fat (0.66%) contents are high in P. serratum. In contrast, A. chama Buch. has a high content of protein (0.52%). Vitamin C content is higher in P. serratum (550 mg/100g) than that in A. chama Buch. (350 mg/100g). The result shows that the Ca and Mg contents are higher in P. serratum compared to A. chama Buch. Indian red pear shows good antioxidant properties and has high total phenolic content as compared to wild jackfruit and some commercial fruits.

Conclusion: The study establishes that further investigation must be done to determine the development of new products, processing, and preservation techniques so that two underutilized fruits can become a part of our regular dietary habits. By doing so, we can enrich the fruit basket of the country.

Keywords: Wild edible fruits, nutritional value, antioxidant activity, total phenolic contents, Tripura.

Graphical Abstract

[1]
Sundriyal M, Sundriyal RC. Wild edible plants of the Sikkim Himalaya. Econ Bot 2004; 55: 377-90.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02866561]
[2]
Misra H, Mehta D, Mehta BK, Soni M, Jain DC. Study of extraction and HPLC-UV method of caffeine in marketed tea (Camellia sinensis) granules. Int J Green Pharm 2009; 3: 47-51.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0973-8258.49374]
[3]
Tiwari N, Chaudhary A, Misra A, Bhatt G. Anti-inflammatory effects of the saponins obtained from the leaves of Acorus calamus. Pharmacol 2010; 2: 395-400.
[4]
Badhani A, Saklani S, Misra A. Variation in biochemical’s and antioxidant activity of some wild edible fruits of Uttarakhand. Rep Opinion 2011; 3: 1-10.
[5]
Block SA, Kiess L, Webb P, et al. Macro shocks and micro outcomes: Child nutrition during Indonesia’s crisis. Econ Hum Biol 2004; 2(1): 21-44.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ehb.2003.12.007] [PMID: 15463991]
[6]
Jeeva S, Mishra BP, Venugope N, Kharlukhi L. Traditional knowledge and biodiversity conservation in the sacred groves of Meghalaya. Indian J Tradit Knowl 2006; 5: 563-8.
[7]
Orech FO, Christensen DL, Larsen T, Friis H, Aagaard-Hansen J, Estambale BA. Mineral content of traditional leafy vegetables from western Kenya. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2007; 58(8): 595-602.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09637480701350288] [PMID: 17852510]
[8]
Etkin NL. Eating on the wild side: The pharmacologic, ecologic and social implications of using noncutigens. 1st ed. Tucson: University of Arizona Press 1994; p. 305.
[9]
Andlauer W, Furst P. Nutraceuticals: A piece of history, present status and outwork. Food Res Int 2002; 35: 171-6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0963-9969(01)00179-X]
[10]
Kruger CL, Mann SW. Safety evaluation of functional ingredients. Food Chem Toxicol 2003; 41(6): 793-805.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0278-6915(03)00018-8] [PMID: 12738185]
[11]
Humphry CM, Clegg MS, Keen CL, Grivetti LE. Food diversity and drought survival: The Housa Example. Int J Food Sci Nutr 1993; 44: 1-16.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/09637489309017417]
[12]
Fukumoto LR, Mazza G. Assessing antioxidant and prooxidant activities of phenolic compounds. J Agric Food Chem 2000; 48(8): 3597-604.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf000220w] [PMID: 10956156]
[13]
Lovkova MY, Sokolova SM, Klimentieva NI. Chemical feature of medicinal plants. Appl Biochem Microbiol 2001; 37: 229-37.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1010254131166]
[14]
Halliwell B, Aeschbach R, Löliger J, Aruoma OI. The characterization of antioxidants. Food Chem Toxicol 1995; 33(7): 601-17.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0278-6915(95)00024-V] [PMID: 7628797]
[15]
Hassimotto NMA, Genovese MI, Lajolo FM. Absorption and metabolism of cyanidin-3-glucoside and cyanidin-3-rutinoside extracted from wild mulberry (Morus nigra L.) in rats. Nutr Res 2008; 28(3): 198-207.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nutres.2007.12.012] [PMID: 19083408]
[16]
Okwu DE. Phytochemical and Vitamin content of indigenous species of South-Eastern Nigeria. J Sustain Agril Env 2004; 6: 30-7.
[17]
Nisar M, Tariq SA, Marwat IK, Shah MR, Khan IA. Antibacterial, antifungal, insecticidal, cytotoxicity and phytotoxicity studies on Indigofera gerardiana. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2009; 24(1): 224-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14756360802051313] [PMID: 18825532]
[18]
Hussain K, Nisar MF, Majeed A, Nawaz K. What molecular mechanism is adapted by plants during salt stress tolerance? Afr J Biotechnol 2010; 9: 916-22.
[19]
Zello GA. Dietary reference intakes for the macronutrients and energy: Considerations for physical activity. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2006; 31(1): 74-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/h05-022] [PMID: 16604146]
[20]
Chakravarty S, Bhutia KD, Suresh CP, Shukla G, Nazir PA. A review on diversity conservation and nutrition of wild edible fruits. J Appl Nat Sci 2016; 8: 2346-53.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v8i4.1135]
[21]
Barnes HA. Thixotropy-A review. J Nonnewton Fluid Mech 1997; 70: 1-33.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0377-0257(97)00004-9]
[22]
Biswas SC, Majumder M, Das S, Misra TK. Diversity of wild edible minor fruits used by the ethnic communities of Tripura, India. Indian J Tradit Knowl 2018; 17: 282-9.
[23]
Kamor P, Devi OS. Edible Bio-Resources & Livelihoods. Assam State Biodiversity Board Guwahati 2016; p. 233.
[24]
Kanjilal UN, Kanjilal PC, Das A. Flora of Assam, N.L. Bor. PIETER 1940. Available from: https://www.worldcat.org/title/flora-of-assam-vol-5-gramine-by-nl-bor/oclc/769830012
[25]
Helrich A, Association of Official Analytical Chemists. Official methods of analysis of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists. 15th ed. Arlington, VA : The Association 1990.
[26]
Official methods of analysis of the association of official analytical chemists. 14th ed. Washington DC: Association of Official Analytical Chemists 1998; 2: pp. 16-9.
[27]
Tiwari P, Kumar B, Kaur M, Kaur G, Kaur H. Phystochemical screening and extraction: A review. J Int Pharmacol Sci 2011; 1: 98-106.
[28]
Cunniff P. Official methods of analysis of the association of official analytical chemists. 16th ed. Washington DC: Association of Official Analytical Chemists 1995; 2. Available from: https://www.worldcat.org/title/official-methods-of-analysis-of-aoac-international/oclc/421897987/editions?referer=di
[29]
Banjamin HW. Official methods of analysis of the association of official analytical chemists. 12th ed. Franklin Station, Washington DC. J Pharm Sci 1975; 65: 162.
[30]
Latimer GW. Official methods of analysis of the association of official analytical chemists. 20th ed. Gaithersburg, MD, USA: Association of Official Analytical Chemists 2016.
[31]
Kjeldahl J. A new method for the determination of nitrogen in organic matter. Fresenius J Anal Chem 1883; 22: 366-82.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01338151]
[32]
Dubois M, Gilles K, Hamilton JK, Rebers PA, Smith F. A colorimetric method for the determination of sugars. Nature 1951; 168(4265): 167.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/168167a0] [PMID: 14875032]
[33]
Ji L, Shen Y, Xu L, Peng B, Xiao Y, Bao X. Enhanced resistance of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to vanillin by expression of lacA from Trametes sp. AH28-2. Bioresour Technol 2011; 102(17): 8105-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2011.06.057] [PMID: 21727001]
[34]
Singh RP, Chidambara Murthy KN, Jayaprakasha GK. Studies on the antioxidant activity of pomegranate (Punica granatum) peel and seed extracts using in vitro models. J Agric Food Chem 2002; 50(1): 81-6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf010865b] [PMID: 11754547]
[35]
Dinis TC, Maderia VM, Almeida LM. Action of phenolic derivatives (acetaminophen, salicylate, and 5-aminosalicylate) as inhibitors of membrane lipid peroxidation and as peroxyl radical scavengers. Arch Biochem Biophys 1994; 315(1): 161-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/abbi.1994.1485] [PMID: 7979394]
[36]
Negi PS, Prakasha GKJ. Antioxidant and antibacterial activities of Punica granatum. J Food Sci 2003; 68: 1473-7.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2003.tb09669.x]
[37]
Naik SM, Prakasha GKJ, Singh RP. Antioxidant activity of custard apple (Annona Squamosa) peel and seed extracts. J Food Sci Technol 2008; 45: 349-52.
[38]
Bose TK. Jackfruit. Fruits of India: Tropical and Subtropical. In: Mitra BK, Ed. Calcutta, India: Naya Prokash 1985; pp. 488-98.
[39]
Palioto GF, Silva CFG, Mendes MP, Almeida VV, Rocha CLMSC, Tonin LTD. Proximate composition, bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity of fruits of Moringa citrifolia L. (Noni) cultivated in Parana Brazil. Rev Bras Plantas Med 2015; 17: 59-66.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1983-084X/13_066]
[40]
Nascimento LCS, da Rodrigues NR, Alves MPC, Srur AUOS. Chemical characterization nutritional aspects and antioxidant capacity of Noni (Morinda citrofolia L.) in Northeastern Brazil. Int Food Res J 2018; 25: 870-5.
[41]
Gupta D, Mann S, Sood A, Gupta RK. Phytochemical, nutritional and antioxidant activity evaluation of seeds of jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.). Int J Pharm Bio Sci 2011; 2: 336-42.
[42]
Kumari P, Khatkar BS. Assessment of total polyphenols, antioxidants and antimicrobial properties of aonla varieties. J Food Sci Technol 2016; 53(7): 3093-103.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13197-016-2282-0] [PMID: 27765980]
[43]
Desai N, Gaikwad DK. Proximate composition and some physiochemical properties of Morinda pulp. Int J Appl Biol Pharm Technol 2010; 1: 679-82.
[44]
Mathivanan N, Surendiran G, Srinivasan K, Malarvizhi K. Morinda pubescens JE Smith (Morinda tinctoria Roxb) fruit extract accelerates wound healing in rats. J Med Food 2006; 9(4): 591-3.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/jmf.2006.9.591] [PMID: 17201651]
[45]
Aberoum A, Deokule SS. Comparison of phenolic compounds of some edible plants of Iran and India. Pak J Nutr 2008; 7: 582-5.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/pjn.2008.582.585]
[46]
Wongsa P, Chaiwarit J, Zamaluddien A. Total phenolic content activity and inhibitory potential against ∞-amylase and ∞-glucosidase of culinary herbs in Thailand. Food Chem 2012; 131: 964-71.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.09.088]
[47]
Shah AW, Parrey MS, Bhat GH. Determination of antioxidant activity of South Indian Tropical fruits Ananas comosus (Pineapple) and Lemon (Citrus limon) by Prussian Blue method. Indo American J Pharm Sci 2016; 3: 1182-5.
[48]
Wojdylo A, Oszmianski J, Czemerys R. Antioxidant activity of phenolic compounds in 32 selected herbs. Food Chem 2007; 105: 940-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.04.038]
[49]
Gracia SMT, Heinonen M, Frankel EN. Antioxidant activity of anthocyanin in LDL and lecithin liposome systems. J Agric Food Chem 1997; 45: 3362-7.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf970234a]
[50]
Singleton VL, Rossi JA. Colorimetry of total phenolics with phosphomolybdic-phosphotungstic acid reagents. Am J Enol Vitic 1965; 16: 144-58.