The composition of industrial wastewaters is not the same for each type of effluents. Other compositions have dyeing effluents, and are drastically different from tanneries. Therefore, in this chapter a special mention is realized about the characteristics of wastewaters and various physic-chemical properties.

In this chapter, the process of adsorption is described and especially its use in wastewater treatment. Some literature reports of previous decades are given in order to compare the adsorption applicability in past and present, and the various isotherm models used are extensively described.

An extensive study on the use of different materials as green adsorbents for eliminating environmental pollutants from wastewaters is provided in this chapter. This chapter focuses on two topics i.e. synthesis of activated carbon from cost effective agricultural sources, which are environment friendly and use of agricultural wastes/residues, by-products, natural sources etc. for the production of green adsorbents. This classification helps study the synthesis of green adsorbents in detail.

The main pollutants studied for the treatment of industrial effluents are dyes, heavy metals and others (pesticides, phenols, drugs etc). In this chapter, two crucial adsorption parameters are investigated regarding the adsorption of those pollutants with green adsorbents; equilibrium (adsorption capacity) and kinetics. Many models are described and useful data are given.

This chapter deals with the green adsorbents and their superiority over the common adsorbents. Economic comparison and brief analysis of common economic perspectives were conducted. Moreover, commercial uses of cost-effective adsorbents and the future perspective for the adsorbent material are covered. The use of such adsorbents can aid the industries to exclude the decontaminated methods of old-terms hence, money and energy could be saved. In order to attain the aim, interaction between the pollutants and material of adsorbents needs to be evaluated and understood. One more future perspective includes the use of green adsorbent which are in collaboration from more than one source (agro-based or natural). Consequently, the researchers have commenced their research to determine the cost-effective adsorbent. Which retains the suitable desorption ability for the adsorption/desorption revolution in sequences.