Substance and Non Substance Related Addiction Disorders: Diagnosis and Treatment

Author(s): Prasad R. Padala and Subhash C. Bhatia

DOI: 10.2174/9781681083438117010020

Stimulant Use and Addictive Disorder: Amphetamine, Cocaine and Other Stimulants

Pp: 188-202 (15)

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Abstract

SHS investigation development is considered from the geographical and historical viewpoint. 3 stages are described. Within Stage 1 the work was carried out in the Department of the Institute of Chemical Physics in Chernogolovka where the scientific discovery had been made. At Stage 2 the interest to SHS arose in different cities and towns of the former USSR. Within Stage 3 SHS entered the international scene. Now SHS processes and products are being studied in more than 50 countries.

Abstract

Stimulant and cocaine use disorders are major public health problems. The prevalence of these disorders is on the rise around the globe and within in the US. Often more than one stimulant is used concurrently more often in patients with other psychiatric disorders like depression. These drugs are ingested, injected, smoked or snorted. Short-term effects lasts for about 40-60 minutes for cocaine and up to 12 hours for meth amphetamine, is characterized by initial “rush”, increased energy, a general sense of wellbeing, euphoria, increased sex drive, increased self-confidence and decreased appetite, which typically lasts 40-60 minutes for cocaine and 6–12 hours for methamphetamine. Long-term use may result in psychosis and cognitive impairment. The economic, medical and societal impact of these disorders is substantial. The cost increases are due to 24 fold increase in myocardial infarction or infectious diseases like HIV and hepatitis in IV drug users, increased prevalence of psychosis and mood disorders as well as cost incurred by criminal justice system. Cognitive behavioral therapy has been extensively used for stimulant use disorders. Medication management with stimulants and anticonvulsants has shown modest improvement for relapse prevention. Contingency contracting coupled with medication management has resulted in improvement.

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