Abstract
SHS investigation development is considered from the geographical and historical viewpoint. 3 stages are described. Within Stage 1 the work was carried out in the Department of the Institute of Chemical Physics in Chernogolovka where the scientific discovery had been made. At Stage 2 the interest to SHS arose in different cities and towns of the former USSR. Within Stage 3 SHS entered the international scene. Now SHS processes and products are being studied in more than 50 countries.
Abstract
Addictive disorders are complex diseases influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. Heritability of these disorders is moderate to high. Genes that increase the risk of addiction to a substance actually increase the risk of addiction to other substances. This means it is mainly through broad externalizing pathways that genes increase the risk of addiction. The current level of our knowledge in genetics is less than enough to have clinical applications. Probably, in the near future, we will be able to provide our patients with individualized report about their susceptibility to addiction.
Keywords:
Environment, Genes, Genotype, Heritability, Phenotype, Risk, Susceptibility.
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Authors:Bentham Science Books