Abstract
SHS investigation development is considered from the geographical and historical viewpoint. 3 stages are described. Within Stage 1 the work was carried out in the Department of the Institute of Chemical Physics in Chernogolovka where the scientific discovery had been made. At Stage 2 the interest to SHS arose in different cities and towns of the former USSR. Within Stage 3 SHS entered the international scene. Now SHS processes and products are being studied in more than 50 countries.
Abstract
Entropy has been defined as a probabilistic function of energy spreading and sharing, and most often this description provides a straightforward way to conceptualize entropy. It is shown that, more in general, the spreading and sharing of energy is a common outcome of a physical function levelling down available energy. The latter, as formulated by a mathematical term called the “Boltzmann factor”, originates from the equilibration of forces at the microscopic level and is effected by the net levelling force that results as statistical outcome of all the microscopic forces and that always pushes the system towards the dynamic equilibrium. This net levelling force is the rationale for which work can be done at a macroscopic level, and its derivation from the microscopic world explains why it is linked to equilibration and therefore to entropy increase.
Keywords:
Energy dissipation, Free energy, Gradient equalization, Levelling function, Living organisms, Macroscopic homogeneity, Microstates equiprobability, Minimum possible level, Most probable distribution, Spreading and sharing, Unused heat, Work as change.
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Authors:Bentham Science Books