Acne Vulgaris: Psychological State

Acne is a multifactorial disorder of the pilosebaceous units. Although many forms of acne can affect all age groups, it is most common in adolescence, when it can be prevalent in up to 80% of the population. Acne vulgaris is often considered a minor disorder, however, it is important to appreciate that the condition can result in severe psychological and social disturbances. Healthcare professionals often underestimate the adverse effects of acne and may lack an empathetic attitude towards the emotional suffering of their patients. It is important to remember that although acne is not a lifethreatening disease, it can cause distress and adverse psychosocial consequences such as depression, poor self-esteem, and social phobia. Body dysmorphic disorder and suicide ideation should also be screened for in patients presenting with poor self-esteem and a lack of social interaction. An association between acne and impaired healthrelated quality of life has also been described. This work aims to highlight the importance of acknowledging the psychological effects of acne and providing patients with effective support. Psychological comorbidities, assessment and treatment options are described.

Keywords: Acne vulgaris, Anxiety, Appearance concern, Biopsychosocial model, Body dysmorphic disorder, Body image, Comorbidity, Coping, Emotional distress, Excoriation disorder, Obsessive-compulsive disorder, Psychological assessment, Psychosocial factors, Psychological intervention, Quality of life, Selfesteem, Self-confidence, Social phobia, Stress, Suicide ideation.