Abstract
SHS investigation development is considered from the geographical and historical viewpoint. 3 stages are described. Within Stage 1 the work was carried out in the Department of the Institute of Chemical Physics in Chernogolovka where the scientific discovery had been made. At Stage 2 the interest to SHS arose in different cities and towns of the former USSR. Within Stage 3 SHS entered the international scene. Now SHS processes and products are being studied in more than 50 countries.
Abstract
The Ecological Footprint (EF) calculations are generally performed by following the methodology defined by Mathis Wackernagel, based on top-down analysis, on macroeconomic data that estimates the footprints at various territorial levels: Earth, continents, countries, cities, etc. The present chapter establishes a reference frame, also top-down, in order to define the indicators and their relevance. The indicators have been used in the calculation of the impact of humanity on the environment, among which the EF is included. According to EF methodology, all consumptions, materials, energy, and waste absorption have their corresponding productive land requirements for their production or disposal.
Keywords:
Conversion factors, Ecological deficit, Ecological footprint, Productivity factors, Productive land, Sustainability, Sustainable development, Standard productive territory.
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Authors:Bentham Science Books