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SHS investigation development is considered from the geographical and historical viewpoint. 3 stages are described. Within Stage 1 the work was carried out in the Department of the Institute of Chemical Physics in Chernogolovka where the scientific discovery had been made. At Stage 2 the interest to SHS arose in different cities and towns of the former USSR. Within Stage 3 SHS entered the international scene. Now SHS processes and products are being studied in more than 50 countries.
Abstract
The effect of the space environment on muscles was analyzed in this chapter. It was documented that a variety of muscle problems can result from space travel, including loss of contractile protein and connective tissue damage. Other harmful effects of space on muscles includes changes in muscle type, muscular twitching, muscle damage, tissue shrinkage, and reduced muscle volume. A number of causes of muscle problems in outer space were considered along with a few proposed solutions. The fact that spacefarers face muscle-related problems upon returning to the Earth was noted.
Keywords:
Atrophy, connective tissue, contractile protein, deconditioning, gravitational loading, ligament, metabolic stress, morphology, muscular atrophy, oppositional force, posture, Russian Space Agency, Salyut 7, sedentary, stress, tendinitis, tendon, twitching.
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Authors:Bentham Science Books