Abstract

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is crucial for maintaining the microenvironment needed for proper neuronal function. BBB breakdown can lead to immune cell infiltration and uncontrolled movement of molecules and ions, contributing to neurodegenerative diseases. Repairing the BBB is a key therapeutic strategy for treating neurological disorders, utilizing methods such as glucocorticosteroids (GCs) and mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). GCs can restore BBB integrity by regulating tight junction proteins (TJs), while MSCs show potential in promoting angiogenesis and BBB repair. Although these strategies are promising, further research is needed to determine their safety and effectiveness for clinical use.