Abstract
DNA is a double-stranded helix with major and minor grooves. It is composed of two polynucleotide chains joined by hydrogen bonds between bases. DNA is composed of a nitrogen base (A, G, C, T), deoxyribose, and phosphates. Four nitrogenous bases include purines (A, G), and pyrimidines (C, T). Adenine base pairs with thymine (two bonds) and Guanine base pairs with cytosine (three bonds). RNA is usually a single-stranded molecule. Three types of RNA are mRNA, rRNA, and tRNA. RNA differs from DNA as RNA contains ribose sugar instead of deoxyribose and uracil (U) rather than thymine.
Keywords:
DNA, RNA, Chargaff's Rule, Replication, Cell cycle, Polymerases, Reverse transcriptase, Transcription, Ribosomes, Genes, Translation, Mutation, Operons, Cancer, Recombinant DNA, Technology, PCR, Taq polymerase, Electrophoresis, Cloning, Vectors, Xenobiotics, Antioxidants.