Abstract

The sustainable industrial revolution is the way forward to help humankind prolong its existence on Earth. The first step could be facilitating the natural process under a controlled environment to produce the desired products instead of chemicals. The industrial sectors, especially food and pharmaceuticals, depend on microbes for most of their production. Biocontrol, enzyme, and fuel production have been explored in recent years. Microbial production systems encompass the metabolites produced by bacteria, fungi, or viruses that facilitate industrial processes. These secondary metabolites have been noted to pose implications in many fields, including agriculture. After the advent of modern genetic engineering techniques, the utilization of microbiota in various activities is increasing due to their simplicity and costeffectiveness. The gene mounting and biotechnological tolls have aided in manipulating these microbes' secondary metabolites, thereby improving productivity. Furthermore, multi-disciplinary and comprehensive approaches directed towards improving microbial production are described in this chapter.