Abstract

The most significant threat to civilization is climate change. Carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) are the three predominant greenhouse gases generated and utilized by microbes. Certain bacteria can induce diseases in humans, animals, and plants, exacerbating climate change. When conditions allow, microbes that utilize light- or chemoautotrophic activities (such as cyanobacteria and algae) and methanotrophic processes (which oxidize CH4) and those that reduce N2O can also metabolize these three gases (denitrifies). The production or consumption of these gases by bacteria is contingent upon their environment and interactions, which humans frequently modify. At times, we can manipulate environmental variables to enhance the microbial degradation of these gasses. According to a recent Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) study, 3.3 billion individuals globally are subjected to environmental change. At the same time, unsustainable growth patterns exacerbate ecological and human vulnerability to environmental hazards. As individuals, societal change agents, and microbiologists with expertise, we may assist in identifying methods to reverse the prevailing tendency. This chapter argues that understanding both the direct and indirect effects of climate change on microorganisms is essential to evaluate their potential positive and negative impacts on land-atmosphere carbon exchange and global warming. Furthermore, we suggest that this encompasses examining the complex interactions and feedback mechanisms that emerge during communication among microorganisms, plants, and their physical environment within the climate change framework. Furthermore, the influence of further global changes may exacerbate the effects of the environment on soil bacteria