Abstract

Cell culture in plants is a technique in which cells of plant tissues are developed in vitro in an artificial environment suitable for growth and proliferation. By developing different cell culture environments, it is possible to conduct many experimental studies such as cell proliferation, differentiation, identification of growth factors, understanding the mechanisms underlying the normal functions of various cell types, cell-cell or cell-matrix interactions, and determining the effects of molecules thought to be effective in metabolic pathways. Therefore, cell cultures have become one of the major tools used in cellular and molecular biology. Bioreactor systems, developed as an alternative support to traditional cell culture studies, aim not only for large-scale mass propagation, but also for the application of various physiological approaches, especially in plant protoplast cells, understanding metabolic pathways, and the factors effective in secondary metabolite production, and especially the application of transformation-oriented methods. In this context, this chapter aims to examine the physiology of cell cultures on a bioreactor basis and shed light on physiological processes with current and/or future approaches.