Abstract

Herbal secondary metabolites have become more and more significant in recent years because of the negative side effects of synthetic medications used to treat a variety of illnesses and the growing demand for natural industrial products. Green chemicals are becoming more and more popular, particularly as a result of the negative environmental impacts of synthetic chemicals. Among these green chemicals, especially herbal products are used in the pharmaceutical industry, in the production of natural dyes, and in the production of herbal fragrances and flavor substances. The importance of these secondary metabolites has led in recent years to investigate the possibilities of increasing their production using tissue culture technology. Thanks to plant tissue culture, it is possible to obtain secondary metabolites more cheaply and efficiently, without being affected by seasonal fluctuations. Secondary metabolites are obtained from medicinal plants and are also named as phytochemicals, natural products, or plant constituents. The studies about the plant secondary metabolites have been increasing in the last 50 years. These molecules have a major role in the adaptation of plants to their environment and also in the defense system of predators; and response to environmental stresses.