Abstract

Plants often encounter environmental stressors in both wild and cultivated environments. Certain environmental stressors, like air temperature, only last a few minutes, but others, like soil water content, might persist for several days. Stress might last for months if there is a mineral shortage in the soil. This chapter gives an overview of the ways that soil, climate, and stress affect the spread of different plant species. Thus, it is crucial for agriculture and the environment to comprehend the physiological mechanisms that underlie plants' methods of adaptation and acclimatization to environmental challenges. A common definition of stress is an outside influence that negatively impacts plants. Stress tolerance and the concept of stress are closely related. The capacity of a plant to withstand adverse environmental conditions is known as stress tolerance. One plant may not find stress in the same environment as another. Based on the fundamental ideas of stress physiology in plants, this chapter seeks to provide a modern and fundamental explanation of the metabolic processes that occur in cells.