Abstract

The ectoparasites that affect the skin, such as ticks, mites, fleas, and lice, are integumentary parasites. Diseases spread by various ectoparasites are distinguished by their distinctive morphology, while symptoms are caused by interactions between the parasite and the host. Parasites from outside the body eat bodily surface tissues like skin, blood, and hair. Ectoparasite wounds, as well as skin irritation, cause animal discomfort and irritability and function as an attractant for myiasis by blood-sucking flies. As they impair animal health, growth, and productivity, these ectoparasites have a substantial economic impact on goat farmers. In general, it is impossible to effectively handle infected livestock. Since there is a strong correlation between the climate, management techniques, and the prevalence of ectoparasitism in animals, it is imperative that biological control agents rather than chemical treatments should be used to control flies.