Abstract

Maize exhibits a high susceptibility to adverse effects caused by weed competition. Research conducted on crop loss has revealed the existence of a crucial time frame window commencing approximately fourteen days post-planting and persisting for a duration of approximately six weeks. It is imperative to eradicate weeds within this specific timeframe to maximize crop yield. The existence of both annual and perennial weeds presents a substantial obstacle in the cultivation of maize. Certain weed species have the potential to result in complete crop failure, with the severity of infestation varying across different geographical regions. Optimal land preparation techniques are crucial for achieving a seedbed that is devoid of weeds during the sowing process. Additionally, the practice of deep ploughing can effectively manage rhizomatous perennial weeds. The development of high-yield cultivars is crucial for enhancing competitive advantage against weeds by facilitating the rapid establishment of a dense canopy. Increased plant density results in greater shading, which subsequently leads to the suppression of early weed growth. The application of a balanced fertilizer promotes improved nutrient utilization by crops compared to weeds.