Thyroid and Brain: Understanding the Actions of Thyroid Hormones in Brain Development and Function

Author(s): Juan Bernal * .

DOI: 10.2174/9789815274226124010018

Thyroid Hormones and Mood Disorders

Pp: 266-275 (10)

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Abstract

SHS investigation development is considered from the geographical and historical viewpoint. 3 stages are described. Within Stage 1 the work was carried out in the Department of the Institute of Chemical Physics in Chernogolovka where the scientific discovery had been made. At Stage 2 the interest to SHS arose in different cities and towns of the former USSR. Within Stage 3 SHS entered the international scene. Now SHS processes and products are being studied in more than 50 countries.

Abstract

Thyroid hormone deficiency or excess may cause emotional disturbances and mood disorders, encompassing major depressive syndromes and bipolar disorders, along with various other neuropsychiatric conditions, some of which may have developmental origins. In particular, profound long-term untreated hypothyroidism can culminate in severe psychosis, historically referred to as myxedema madness. Addressing the underlying thyroid condition typically proves highly effective in rectifying the associated brain disorder. Subclinical thyroid diseases have also been implicated in emotional and cognitive disorders, prompting inquiry into the optimal treatment window. Moreover, thyroid hormones have demonstrated potential in expediting or augmenting the effects of standard mood disorder treatments in euthyroid patients, hinting at a baseline state of localized cerebral hypothyroidism with an uncertain pathogenesis, potentially remediable through high doses of thyroid hormones.

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