Abstract

Nanomaterials have shown promising environmental remediation solutions owing to their unique chemical and physical properties. However, their probable impacts on human health and the environment must be evaluated before widespread implementation. This chapter aims to assess the ecotoxicity and risk associated with nanomaterials in environmental remediation. A comprehensive literature review has been conducted to evaluate the available data on ecotoxicity of nanomaterials, including their effects on aquatic and terrestrial organisms and mechanisms of toxicity. In addition, a risk assessment framework has been developed to assess the risks associated with nanomaterials in environmental remediation, taking into account the hazards, exposure, and vulnerability of different environmental receptors. Investigation of this study proposes that though nanomaterials have the potential to be effective in environmental remediation, there are significant concerns about their potential toxicity and risks. Further, research is needed to better understand the ecotoxicity and risk of nanomaterials, as well as to develop effective risk management strategies for their use in environmental remediation. Overall, this chapter highlights the importance of careful consideration of the ecological impacts and risks of nanomaterials before implementing them in environmental remediation programs.