Abstract

Graphene is both the thinnest and the lightest material studied by the scientists. Amongst the various applications of graphene, water purification is the major one. Originally graphene was prepared using graphite and other hydrocarbons as precursors. Recently waste materials like rice husk, hemp, paper cups, and other biomass have been used as graphene precursors. Similarly, graphene can be synthesized from plastic wastes like PET (polyethylene terephthalate) bottles waste as a source material and polyethylene(PE) and polypropylene(PP) as a carbon source.

Water is required by human beings for living, house chores, and industrial processes. Waste water treatment is an essential topic related to human health and industrial uses. Water pollutants are mainly divided into two types; organic water pollutants and inorganic water pollutants. The organic water pollutants are dyes, pharmaceuticals, fertilizers, pesticides, herbicides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, etc. Inorganic water pollutants are rare earth elements like La, Ce, Ho, Eu, and Y, other organometallic catalysts, and fertilizers containing heavy metals. Waste water treatment processes are essential to eliminate or decrease pollutants and provide a safe water supply. Study shows that graphene and graphene oxide are promising materials for eliminating pollutants from water.