Abstract

Nanotechnology has gained significant attention in the fields of biotechnology and biomedicine and has been widely used in drug delivery, imaging, diagnosis, and sensing. Nanoparticles (NPs) are submicron-sized particles that have unique properties due to their high surface area-to-volume ratio. NPs have gained significant attention in recent years due to their potential applications in biotechnology and biomedicine, including drug delivery, imaging, diagnosis, and sensing. Microalgae are photosynthetic microorganisms that are widely distributed in aquatic environments. Recently, microalgae have been explored as a potential source of NPs due to their unique chemical and physical properties. Microalgae-derived NPs have several advantages over chemically synthesized NPs, including lower toxicity, biocompatibility, and eco-friendliness. In this chapter, we have discussed the various types of NPs produced by microalgae, their synthesis and characterization methods, and their different domains of applications, with a special focus on environmental remediation. Additionally, we have highlighted the challenges and prospects of using microalgae-derived NPs.