Thin Film Nanomaterials: Synthesis, Properties and Innovative Energy Applications

Author(s): Deepti Pal, Ekta Roy, Priyanka Karandikar and Archana Chaudhary * .

DOI: 10.2174/9789815256086124010011

TiO2, ZnO and Fe2O3 Thin Film Nanomaterials: Preparation to Applications

Pp: 199-230 (32)

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Thin Film Nanomaterials: Synthesis, Properties and Innovative Energy Applications

TiO2, ZnO and Fe2O3 Thin Film Nanomaterials: Preparation to Applications

Author(s): Deepti Pal, Ekta Roy, Priyanka Karandikar and Archana Chaudhary * .

Pp: 199-230 (32)

DOI: 10.2174/9789815256086124010011

* (Excluding Mailing and Handling)

Abstract

Nanomaterials have gained a lot of attention of scientists and researchers during the last two decades due to their small size (nano-scale) and large surface area. Amongst these nanomaterials, metal oxide thin film nanoparticles are gaining much more interest due to their exceptional chemical, electronic, catalytic, electrical and optical properties. These properties can be improved to develop essential functionalities and compositions that make them fit for various applications such as catalysts, solar cells, sensors, optoelectronic materials, and green energy storage applications. Thin film metal oxide nanoparticles can be synthesized by different physical or chemical methods like physical vapour deposition, chemical vapour deposition, atomic layer deposition, sol-gel synthesis and hydrothermal synthesis. The usual characterization techniques for metal oxide nanoparticles are SEM, HRTEM, EDX analysis, XRD, FTIR, XPS, and TGA–DTA etc. Many metal oxides like TiO2 and ZnO have excellent properties like photo-induced phenomenon under UV radiation and superconducting properties. Thus, their thin film nanoparticles can work more efficiently than the bulk one. This chapter explains about the synthesis of some metal oxides like TiO2, ZnO, and Fe2O3 through various physical and chemical methods, and the characterization and application of metal oxide thin film nanoparticles for solar cells, fuel cells, photovoltaic cells, optoelectronic application, and green energy storage application. 

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      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 59865667 and j.to_ip >=59865667 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1737599744 and j.to_date >= 1737599744 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 22784) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 59865667 and j.to_ip >=59865667 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1737599744 and j.to_date >= 1737599744 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 22784) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 59865667 and j.to_ip >=59865667 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1737599744 and j.to_date >= 1737599744 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 22784)
      510μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1548
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` where `b`.`banner_ebook` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'B' and `bd`.`content_id` = 3737 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1737599744 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1737599744 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.01msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#189
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: B
      • 2: 3737
      • 3: 1737599744
      • 4: 1737599744
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:189
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `uc_cart_products` where cart_id='ae50e09c1330f6fb5ecd9dbf311d0697'
      190μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Cart.php#271
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Models/Cart.php:271
      • 16. view::layouts._main_menu:13
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    App\Models\Chapter
    1Chapter.php#?
    App\Models\Ebook
    1Ebook.php#?
        _token
        3EDuWqFxLxnLfXxhpNHZqlTiMsGP9cIVMZF6k1YH
        uc_cart_id
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        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "https://beta.benthamscience.com/chapter/22784" ]
        _flash
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        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
        []
        path_info
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        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
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        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
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        ClearShow all
        Date ↕MethodURLData
        #12025-01-23 02:35:44GET/chapter/22784111192