Abstract

Bioremediation is a type of biodegradation that involves the phenomenon of biological transformation of organic compounds by living organisms. Biodegradation mainly involves the conversion of complex organic compounds into simpler and nontoxic compounds. Bioremediation is a natural and genetically engineered technology that involves cleaning up polluted air, water, and soil using various forms of life such as bacteria, fungi, fishes, algae, animals, and plants. Bioremediation includes biotransformation which is the incomplete biodegradation of organic compounds and it is employed for the synthesis of commercially important products by microorganisms. The other names which can be used for bioremediation are biotreatment, bioreclamation, and biorestoration. Bioremediation is mainly used for the degradation of xenobiotics. Xenobiotics are substances that are man- made or synthetic that take a very long time to degrade. They are also known as recalcitrants. Some examples of recalcitrants are pesticides, herbicides, refrigerants, solvents, and other organic substances. Accumulation of these substances in soil, water, air, and water causes so many problems. Therefore, we can use bioremediation to remove these chemicals from the environment. So it will be a very good solution for the environmental problems caused by toxic chemicals.