Possible Cutaneous Adverse Effects of AntiInfective Vaccinations

Although commonly used anti-infective vaccines in clinical practice are generally safe, certain local or systemic adverse reactions related to them may rarely occur. Actually, considering the general vaccination rates, the incidence of serious skin reactions (e.g . angioedema, anaphylaxis, Stevens–Johnson syndrome) is very low but vaccine-associated local cutaneous reactions such as erythema, edema, tenderness and pain at the injection sites are one of the most common complications of vaccines. Furthermore, a wide variety of specific or non-specific localized or generalized cutaneous adverse effects (e.g. lichenoid eruption, granuloma annulare, pseudolymphoma, erythema nodosum, erythema multiforme, Gianotti-Crosti syndrome, urticaria, lupus erythematosus, bullous pemphigoid, purpura) have been reported in the literature related with commonly used anti-infective vaccines. In this chapter, these adverse cutaneous reactions potentially associated with anti-infective vaccines were summarized with a comprehensive literature review.

Keywords: Adverse reaction, Anti-infective vaccination, Bacillus calmetteguérin vaccine, Complication, Cutaneous, Diphtheria and pertussis vaccine, Human papilloma virus vaccine, Hepatitis B virus vaccine, Influenza vaccine, Measles, Meningococcal vaccine, Mumps and rubella vaccine, Pneumococcal vaccine, Rash, Skin, Side effect, Tetanus, Vaccine, Varicella vaccine, COVID-19 vaccine.