Abstract
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune inflammatory disease and this
affects roughly 2.8 million people worldwide. This is a highly heterogeneous disease in
terms of course, clinical symptoms and response treatment. The exact pathogenesis and
aetiology of this disease remain unknown. The lack of successful treatment can be
explained by the heterogeneous nature of MS with patients exhibiting widely disparate
clinical features and progression patterns resulting in phenotypic heterogeneity.
Therefore, there is a need for the development of biomarkers for MS. The “Omics”
approaches have been exploited for the development of biomarkers although the system
biology was taken into consideration. With the introduction of Omics approaches,
personalized medicine has gained potential revealing hitherto unseen elements of
illness causation, initiation and progression. This chapter will focus on the potential
role of genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics in MS for the possible
identification of biomarkers facilitating and augmenting the concept of precision
medicine.