Abstract

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a complex metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. The disease affects millions worldwide and is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus are complex and involve multiple cellular and molecular processes. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in the development and progression of diabetes mellitus. Specifically, we focus on the role of pancreatic beta-cell dysfunction, insulin resistance, and abnormalities in glucose metabolism, lipids, and proteins. We also examine the contribution of genetic and environmental factors to developing diabetes mellitus. Additionally, we highlight the importance of targeting these molecular mechanisms for developing new and effective therapies for managing diabetes mellitus. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in diabetes mellitus can lead to more effective treatments and better disease management.