Abstract
SHS investigation development is considered from the geographical and historical viewpoint. 3 stages are described. Within Stage 1 the work was carried out in the Department of the Institute of Chemical Physics in Chernogolovka where the scientific discovery had been made. At Stage 2 the interest to SHS arose in different cities and towns of the former USSR. Within Stage 3 SHS entered the international scene. Now SHS processes and products are being studied in more than 50 countries.
Abstract
Mutations are changes in the DNA sequence that can occur spontaneously or
due to exposure to mutagenic agents such as chemicals, radiation, or viruses. These
changes can have a wide range of effects on the organism, from no effect at all to
causing genetic disorders or cancer. DNA repair mechanisms exist to correct these
mutations, ensuring the integrity of the genetic material. There are several types of
DNA repair mechanisms, including base excision repair, nucleotide excision repair,
and mismatch repair, each designed to correct different types of DNA damage. The
repair mechanisms are highly regulated and involve a complex network of proteins that
detect, remove, and replace damaged DNA. Defects in DNA repair mechanisms can
lead to an accumulation of mutations, increasing the risk of cancer and other diseases.
For example, individuals with inherited mutations in DNA repair genes have a higher
risk of developing certain types of cancer, such as breast and ovarian cancer.
Keywords:
Chromosomal aberration, E. coli, Gene pool, Genetic material, Genetic variability, Nucleotide.
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Authors:Bentham Science Books