Geriatric Patients with Congestive Heart Failure and Low Ejection Fraction; Non-Cardiac Surgery after CABG

In the perioperative care of geriatric patient, it is common to have patients with heart failure and who have had previous cardiac surgery. In order to safely and successfully care for these patients it is imperative to understand the pathology and progression of the disease. Additionally, it is necessary to be able to recognize the signs and symptoms of heart failure so that it may be recognized in patients who have yet to be diagnosed in order to determine if further testing or optimization is required. Furthermore, it is necessary to know the special considerations necessary for the management of patients with heart failure or previous CABG.