Abstract
SHS investigation development is considered from the geographical and historical viewpoint. 3 stages are described. Within Stage 1 the work was carried out in the Department of the Institute of Chemical Physics in Chernogolovka where the scientific discovery had been made. At Stage 2 the interest to SHS arose in different cities and towns of the former USSR. Within Stage 3 SHS entered the international scene. Now SHS processes and products are being studied in more than 50 countries.
Abstract
Health sector corruption and fraud are rising not only in developing
countries but also in well-developed countries. Up-coding of bills, identity theft, and
quackery are some of the major kinds of fraud in this sector. In this chapter, major
causes and types of healthcare fraud have been discussed, and how they are affecting
the society, with special reference to Pakistan’s conditions. Moreover, a gist of
methods to reduce this issue has been proposed. The data suggests that the foremost
issue conducive to the poor impact of public investments in the healthcare sector seems
to be corruption and an observation system based on butcherly. The need is to
overcome the dilemma through diverse approaches that necessitate collaboration and
mutual work among politicians, citizens, policymakers, and every person within the
community. Only then the cults of health sector fraud and corruption could be
curtailed.
Keywords:
Anti-Fraud association, Corruption, Current procedural terminology (CPT) codes, Embezzlement, Fraud, Healthcare sector, Millennium declaration, Public health, Whistle-blowing.
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Authors:Bentham Science Books