Abstract
There is an inadequate supply of tissues and organs for transplantation due
to limitations in organ donors and challenges surrounding the use of autografts. The
search for biodegradable and compatible tissue constructs as a platform for cellular,
gene, and immune therapies, as well as drug deliveries, warrant intensive
investigations. Biologically compatible materials with unique properties are needed as
substrates or scaffolds for many types of cellular and gene therapies, which include
treatment for ocular surface regeneration. Although the cornea is one of the most
successful organ transplantations because it is considered an immune-privileged site,
there are limitations like the risk of graft rejection, the transmission of diseases, and the
scarcity of donors. Based on a clear understanding of the anatomy and physiology of
the cornea, types of biomaterials, fabrication, and adjunct use of biologics are among
the regenerative strategies employed in the tissue engineering approach for corneal
regeneration. This chapter highlights the indications for cornea replacement, common
biomaterials, and biologics used in this field.