Abstract
Synthetic dyes are organic compounds that are mostly employed in the
manufacturing industry. A huge number of dyes are unbound and released into the
environment during the dying process. The discharge of dye/effluent with a high
biological oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) into the
environment has several negative consequences for the area's flora and fauna. They are
poisonous and mutagenic, and have other significant negative impacts on a variety of
creatures, including unicellular and multicellular organisms. Besides the costly
Physico-chemical treatment methods, biological approaches involving bacteria, fungi,
algae, plants, and their enzymes have got a lot of attention in recent years for the
decolorization and degradation of dyes contained in effluents due to their economic
effectiveness and environmental friendliness. Microbial degradation appears to be the
most promising of these technologies for resource recovery and sustainability.
Microorganism and plant-derived enzymes' ability to decolorize and break down dyes
has long been known, and they are shown to be the most effective molecular weapon
for bioremediation. Several sophisticated approaches are currently being investigated
for the effective decolorization of textile dyes as well as eco-toxic effluent, including
genetic engineering, nanotechnology, mobilized cells or enzymes, biofilms, and
microbial fuel cells, among others. These biological methods for decolorization and
degradation of textile effluent are very successful and have various advantages over
traditional procedures. Biological methods for removing toxic textile dyes are both
environmentally friendly and cost-effective.