Abstract
Environmental deterioration is currently a major problem for both emerging
and wealthy nations. Extensive industrialization and intensive agricultural activity are
the main causes of land, water, and air contamination. There are numerous
conventional treatments for various environmental contaminants, but each has
drawbacks. As a result, a different approach is necessary, one that is efficient, less
harmful, and produces better results. In terms of cleaning up the environment,
nanomaterials have garnered much interest. Nanomaterials outperform more traditional
methods for environmental remediation due to their enormous surface area and strong
reactivity. For particular applications, they can be altered to include new
functionalities. Nanoscale materials can be very reactive due to the high surface-areato-volume ratio and a greater number of reactive sites. These traits enable greater
contaminant interaction, which prompts a rapid decrease in pollutant concentration. In
order to remove toxins from diverse environmental media (e.g., soil, water, and air),
environmental remediation primarily uses various methods.