Abstract
SHS investigation development is considered from the geographical and historical viewpoint. 3 stages are described. Within Stage 1 the work was carried out in the Department of the Institute of Chemical Physics in Chernogolovka where the scientific discovery had been made. At Stage 2 the interest to SHS arose in different cities and towns of the former USSR. Within Stage 3 SHS entered the international scene. Now SHS processes and products are being studied in more than 50 countries.
Abstract
Fluoride is present in natural water sources and occurs as an ionic form of fluorine trace element. It is a safe and effective agent used primarily to prevent dental caries, especially in children. Fluoride can remineralize calcium hydroxyapatite crystals in enamel by forming acid-resistant calcium fluorapatite crystals. It can be administered topically as well as systemically. Topical fluorides form a vital part of preventive oral health programs and help promote enamel remineralization, inhibit bacterial metabolism, and reduce the growth of bacteria in plaque. Various methods for delivering topical fluorides include self-applied toothpaste, gels, mouthwashes, professionally applied varnishes, and other gel forms. This chapter provides an overview of the different topically applied fluoride agents, their mechanism of action and the recommendations for their use in children.
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Authors:Bentham Science Books