Abstract

Cancer, a condition caused by unregulated cell proliferation, has elevated the global mortality rate that was rising on a daily basis. The treatments for cancer have numerous adverse effects on patients’ lives. To enhance this treatment, probiotics and their metabolites (postbiotics) play an important role in the prevention and treatment of cancer. The mechanisms behind probiotic anti-tumor and/or anti-cancer actions are not yet comprehended. Numerous studies demonstrate that probiotics are useful in cancer prevention and treatment. The majority of which are involved in balancing microbiota, producing essential compounds containing beneficial effects and anti-tumor and cancer activity, preventing pathogen infection, modulating the host immunity, reducing inflammation, and in alleviating the severity of some risk factors. Few studies advise that they should not be used, emphasizing the risk of infection to patients. This chapter provides an overview of skin cancer, skin microbiome, gut microbiome, and its implications in skin cancer, as well as probiotic and postbiotic therapeutic approaches.