Abstract

This revolutionary carbon nanomaterial has the potential to be used in a wide range of applications. Graphene was discovered to be the first two-dimensional crystalline carbon nanomaterial, as well as the most flexible, strongest, and toughest. The widespread application of graphene demonstrates its huge potential in a variety of industries, along with photovoltaic cells, electrochemical, optoelectronics, electronics, microelectronics, intelligent gadgets, extensible supercapacitor electrodes, aerospace, smart sensors, and analytical chemistry. The commercialization of graphene will be vital to the future of an industrially viable method of producing and processing graphene. Nanotechnologies based on graphene are gaining prominence in environmental and energy applications. Graphene has exceptional physicochemical properties, including high surface area, chemical resistance, heat capacity, mechanical characteristics, and charge transport. It might be used in environmental remediation, water purification, and desalination filters, as an electrocatalyst for contamination sensing. A broad literature collection will also be provided on graphene technology, including graphene characteristics, production processes, and uses. Graphene is the most popular carbon-based material, with excellent unique advantages such as high electrical conductivity, high tensile strength, high thermal conductivity, high carrier mobility, and transparency, making it a compelling candidate for a variety of applications such as sensors, transistors, energy storage, water purification membranes, solar cells, and elastomers. Although development in graphene-based nanomaterials for devices is encouraging, certain important issues such as long-term stability, toxicity, and environmental impacts remain unresolved. In this chapter, we assess recent advances in graphene research and applications and also attempt to predict where the field might go in the future.