Abstract
SHS investigation development is considered from the geographical and historical viewpoint. 3 stages are described. Within Stage 1 the work was carried out in the Department of the Institute of Chemical Physics in Chernogolovka where the scientific discovery had been made. At Stage 2 the interest to SHS arose in different cities and towns of the former USSR. Within Stage 3 SHS entered the international scene. Now SHS processes and products are being studied in more than 50 countries.
Abstract
The nitrate (NO3)-nitrite (NO2)-nitric oxide (NO) pathway, as a storage reservoir for endogenous NO production, is dependent on the oral bacteria with NO3- reducing capacity. Undesirable changes of oral microbiota towards a decreased load of health-related NO3-reducing bacteria and an overgrowth of pathogenic species, leading to subsequent decreased NO2 production in the oral cavity and decreased systemic NO availability, are now considered risk factors for the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes (T2D). This chapter discusses available evidence focusing on oral microbiota dysbiosis in T2D, especially NO3-reducing bacteria and their metabolic activity (including NO3-reductase and NO2-reductase activity), affecting net oral NO2 accumulation and the NO3-NO2-NO pathway.
Keywords:
Nitrate, Nitrite, Nitric oxide, Nitrate reductase, Nitrite reductase, Oral microbiota, Type 2 diabetes.
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Authors:Bentham Science Books