Abstract
SHS investigation development is considered from the geographical and historical viewpoint. 3 stages are described. Within Stage 1 the work was carried out in the Department of the Institute of Chemical Physics in Chernogolovka where the scientific discovery had been made. At Stage 2 the interest to SHS arose in different cities and towns of the former USSR. Within Stage 3 SHS entered the international scene. Now SHS processes and products are being studied in more than 50 countries.
Abstract
Symptoms and signs of liver diseases are highly variable depending on the etiology, disease stage, and type of liver involvement. There are different types of liver diseases; causes of liver diseases may be viral, toxic, metabolic, or autoimmune. However, in some cases, liver disease can develop as a result of diseases of other organs or systems. It is almost impossible to differentiate all of these solely on the basis of clinical symptoms and findings. Furthermore, the early stages of liver disease may be completely asymptomatic, or in some cases, the disease may progress with only subtle and non-specific symptoms. Therefore, biomarkers have a critical role in screening, diagnosis, staging, and evaluation of therapeutic response to treatment in liver diseases.
Keywords:
5’-Nucleotidase, Alanine aminotransferase, Albumin, Alkaline phosphatase, Alpha-fetoprotein, Aspartate aminotransferase, AST isoenzymes, Biomarkers, CA 19-9, Cholangiocarcinoma, Cholestasis, Fibrosis, Gammaglutamyl transferase, Hepatocellular carcinoma, Hepatocellular injury, Liver disease, MELD-Na score, Prognosis, Prothrombin time, Staging of liver disease.
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Authors:Bentham Science Books