Physiology of the Reproductive System

The reproductive system of the living organism is the biological system made up of all the anatomical organs involved in sexual reproduction. This system involves the interaction of several fluids and hormones to regulate the functions of the reproductive system. The ultimate goal of the reproductive system is to successfully produce gametes (sperms and oocytes) to attain a combination of genetic material between two individuals, which allows for the possibility of greater genetic fitness of the offspring. In this chapter, we introduce the physiological process of gonadal development, male, and female reproductive system, embryo formation, and development to give the reader the basic concepts for application in the field of assisted reproductive techniques.

Keywords: Oocyte, Ovary, Physiology, Reproduction, Sperm, Testis.