Abstract
SHS investigation development is considered from the geographical and historical viewpoint. 3 stages are described. Within Stage 1 the work was carried out in the Department of the Institute of Chemical Physics in Chernogolovka where the scientific discovery had been made. At Stage 2 the interest to SHS arose in different cities and towns of the former USSR. Within Stage 3 SHS entered the international scene. Now SHS processes and products are being studied in more than 50 countries.
Abstract
Titration is the quantitative addition of a solution of known concentration to
a solution of unknown concentration until the reaction between them is complete to
determine the concentration of the second solution. An acid-base titration is the
quantitative determination of the concentration of an acid or a base. Titration of an acid
with a base requires that the pH, or relative concentrations of the two reactants, be
monitored. pH can be assessed by litmus paper or by indicators, for example,
phenolphthalein, but these methods lack precision. Typically, pH measurement in the
laboratory is done by measuring the cell potential of that sample in reference to a
standard hydrogen electrode. The endpoint or equivalent points can be determined by
the titration curve, which is a plot of the pH of an acidic (or basic) solution that acts as
a function of the amount of base (or acid) added.
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Authors:Bentham Science Books