Abstract
SHS investigation development is considered from the geographical and historical viewpoint. 3 stages are described. Within Stage 1 the work was carried out in the Department of the Institute of Chemical Physics in Chernogolovka where the scientific discovery had been made. At Stage 2 the interest to SHS arose in different cities and towns of the former USSR. Within Stage 3 SHS entered the international scene. Now SHS processes and products are being studied in more than 50 countries.
Abstract
Abnormalities of joint alignment in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are
characterized by subluxation or dislocation without erosion. Hand deformities (“lupus
hands”) in SLE patients include ulnar deviation, swan neck deformity, and thumb Z
deformity. However, abnormalities in alignment are widespread and can occur in the
wrists, shoulders, hips, knees, toes, and spine. Osteonecrosis and fracture can also
occur as alignment abnormalities. In addition, rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and other
complications such as scleroderma and inflammatory myositis may also occur, making
the alignment abnormalities complex. An understanding of alignment abnormalities in
SLE is helpful in diagnosing the condition of the disease and establishing a treatment
strategy. The purpose of this chapter is to provide an overview of alignment
abnormalities in SLE from various perspectives.
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Authors:Bentham Science Books