Voltammetry for Sensing Applications

Author(s): Vinayak Adimule*, Basappa C. Yallur, Debdas Bhowmik and Santosh S. Nandi

DOI: 10.2174/9789815039719122010007

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A Modified Nanostructured Gd-WO3, Sensing Interface Morphology, their Voltammetric Determination and Applications in Advanced Energy Storage Devices

Pp: 134-157 (24)

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  • * (Excluding Mailing and Handling)

Abstract

SHS investigation development is considered from the geographical and historical viewpoint. 3 stages are described. Within Stage 1 the work was carried out in the Department of the Institute of Chemical Physics in Chernogolovka where the scientific discovery had been made. At Stage 2 the interest to SHS arose in different cities and towns of the former USSR. Within Stage 3 SHS entered the international scene. Now SHS processes and products are being studied in more than 50 countries.

Abstract

Perovskite electrodes can be a pertinent method to enhance electrochemical
voltammetric sensing performances. In the present research, GdxWO3 (x = 2, 5, 10 wt.
%) nanostructures (NS) are synthesized by a facile co-precipitation method, calcinated
at 750-800 °C and subsequently fabricated using electron beam deposition method over
glass substrate used for electrochemical voltammetric determination. Scanning electron
microscopy and X-ray diffraction were employed to examine the crystal phase and
morphology of the gadolinium doped nanostructures thus prepared. Surface chemical
composition, chemical bond analysis, dispersion of Gd into WO3 were confirmed by
XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectral) studies. SEM (scanning electron microscopy)
micrographs showed flake-like surface morphology can act as sensing interface for
facile transfer of electrons over NS of GdxWO3, and SEM cross section micrographs
revealed agglomerated densely packed rod like structure. Gdx WO3 nanostructure
showed ~ 89 nm grain, ~ 110 nm grain boundary distances, UV-visible absorptivity
maxima observed between 280 nm to 340 nm for Gdx WO3 NS. Electrochemical cyclic
voltammetry performance was tested in three electrodes assembled for high
performance energy storage applications, involving cyclic voltammetric charge
discharge cycles and sensing interface between fabricated NS, and cyclic voltammetry
carried out in 6M KOH solution. GdxWO3 demonstrates a specific capacitance of 450
F/g at a current density of 0.1 A/g. Gd-WO3 NS has a capacitance retention rate of
88.5% after 5,000 cycles (cyclic stability). Voltammetric characteristics indicate that
Gdx WO3 NS is a promising electrode material for energy storage devices and can be
used as high-performance super capacitor applications.

Keywords:

Agglomeration, Charge-Discharge, Co precipitation, Cyclic stability, Cyclic Voltammetry, Electrochemical voltammetry, Energy storage devices, Gd- WO3, Inorganic Nanostructures, Morphology, Nanoparticles, Nanostructures, Sensing, SEM, Specific Capacitance, Super capacitor, Synthesis, UV-Visible, XRD, XPS.

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