Urinary System, Its Functions and Disorders

Kidneys (2), ureters (2), urinary bladder (1), and urethra (1) constitute the urinary system. Man is exposed to in the form of medicines, industrial and environmental chemicals, and a variety of naturally occurring substances and kidney is adversely affected by these chemicals. An acute injury is the result of this exposure that may lead to renal failure and renal malignancies. In this chapter, kidney functions, urinary system disorders, nephrotoxicity, nephrotoxic chemical substances, diabetic nephropathy, and urolithiasis are given.

Keywords: Cisplatin, Diabetic nephropathy, Gentamicin, Nephrotoxicity, Kidney, Kidney stones, Urolithiasis, Urinary system.