Abstract

The use of optosensors and optrodes has shown high potential for targeted and controlled light emission delivery, as recorded from confined real sample volumes for different applications. In this way, we could stimulate the chromophores of biostructures incorporated in different tissues. It should be noted that different types of signaling could be recorded in vivo, such as electrophysiology, fluorescence signaling incorporating fluorescent reporters or an accurate excitation of fluorescent biostructures. In this chapter, different components for the fabrication of these types of reduced sized sensors are being reviewed, from the development of metamaterials to the modification of optical fibers, waveguides and use of light emitting devices (LEDs). The versatility of these sensors with respect to the design of injectable and implantable devices is also shown.