Abstract

Melanin is responsible for imparting color to the skin, hairs, eyes, and protecting the skin from harmful UV radiation. It is produced inside the specialized cells called melanocytes through a series of chemical and enzymatic reactions. However, due to the dysregulation of the factors responsible for melanin production, the irregular production and distribution of melanin occur, which lead to the onset of pigmentary disorders, such as hyperpigmentation or hypopigmentation. Pigmentary disorders are not always physically debilitating but have been associated with elevated psychosocial problems such as depression, frustration and anger. These psychosocial burdens in turn influence the quality of life and self-esteem. So, the treatment of pigmentation diseases appears as a growing concern to dermatologists today. Several treatment strategies including chemical peeling, stem cell transplant, topical treatment, laser therapy etc. have been unleashed in order to get rid of the problem. Hence, in the present chapter, we have discussed about the existing treatment options for pigmentation diseases practised by dermatologists all over the world.