Genetically Modified T-cells Affinity to Tumor Cells-Development of Adoptive T-cell Immunotherapy

T-cells play an essential role in the cell-mediated immune response to tumor cells, while tumor cells in tumor sites take many strategies to evade the host immune response, including creating many immune-suppressive factors from tumor microenvironment (TME) or decreasing expression of immunogenicity of target antigens. To resolve the evasion of tumor cells from T-cells attacking, some strategies such as genetically modified T-cells altering the specificity of the T-cell receptor (TCR) or introducing antibody-like recognition of chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) have made significant advances. The modified TCR T-cells or CAR T-cells have been administered to cure B-cell lymphoma or B-lymphocyte leukemia in clinical trials successfully. We have been going to study the specificity and safety of T-cell adoptive immunotherapy for more than 30 years so that our experiences to apply for genetically modified T-cell more focus on the specificity and safety of these therapies. Moreover, the strategies using genetically modified T-cell immunotherapy need face challenges for immunogenicity from different types of tumors. The chapter will introduce T-cell specific affinity between T-cell and tumor cells such as TCR and CAR T-cells, discuss challenges from the selection of antigen targets, and address safety issues to clinical development. All in all, T-cell adoptive immunology regarding TCR and CAR T-cell improves the clinical application.

Keywords: Chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) T-cells, Personalized immunotherapy, T-cell Adoptive immunotherapy, TIL (tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte), Tumor microenvironment (TME), T-cell receptor (TCR) T-cells.