Molecular Screening and Neoantigen Cloning- Fundamental of Adoptive T-cell Immunotherapy

Specific T-cells, TCR T-cells, and CAR-T-cells require to establish some techniques of molecular biology to support them, including screening tumor-associated antigen (TAA)/tumor specific antigen (TSA) and mutant proteins/peptides; constructing an expression system; packaging an expression vector. The molecular biology technique is a very important performance in targeting neoantigens for tumorspecific T-cells of adoptive T-cell immunotherapy. Since tumor cells often accumulate hundreds of mutations and harbor several immunogenic neoantigens, the repertoire of mutant protein or neoantigen from patient tumor cells might need to screen and discover the antigens for engineering specific T-cells, TCR T-cells, and CAR T-cells. In order to understand the procedures for T-cell adoptive immunotherapy based on molecular biology techniques for mutant proteins and neoantigens from an individual patient, in this chapter, we focus on streamlining of screening tumor antigens (TAA or TSA) and mutant proteins (proteins or peptides), constructing an expression and packaging system with the expression. Moreover, because the three T-cells are distinct from development and clinical application, we first introduce their research and Development (R&D). These methodologies are increasingly supporting clinical oncologists to apply to T-cell immunotherapy. The chapter aims to present fundamental of molecular biology for adoptive T-cell immunotherapy of clinical patients.

Keywords: CAR (chimeric antigen receptor) T-cells, Lentiviral, Monoclonal Ab, Phage display system, Retroviral vector, Specific T-cells, T-cell adoptive immunotherapy, TCR (T-cell receptors).