Abstract

Heuristic and metaheuristic algorithms are used iteratively to approximate challenging optimization problem-solving. A metaheuristic algorithm refers to a higher level master strategy which guides and controls the operations of other lower-level subordinate heuristic algorithms. Different concepts and operators are combined for exploring the search space of an optimization problem. The capacity of such techniques to solve NP-hard combinatorial problems and continuous optimization is well known. An illustrative and reference metaheuristic is given by the simulated annealing (SA) algorithm for solving optimization problems. SA is not an evolutionary algorithm since new solutions are mainly generated by using a sequence of random walks. We introduce both SA metaheuristic techniques for single-objective (SA) and multiobjective (MOSA) optimization problems. This study solves numerical test problems, such as the Ursem’s test function, the six-hump camel back test function, and ZDT1 to ZDT3 test problems. Routines from different software packages are used such as Mathematica^® and other free open software packages. The applications show the capacity to approximate various Pareto-optimal fronts which shape can be convex or non-convex.